King James Version

What Does Joshua 9:20 Mean?

Joshua 9:20 in the King James Version says “This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them.

Joshua 9:20 · KJV


Context

18

And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel. And all the congregation murmured against the princes.

19

But all the princes said unto all the congregation, We have sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them.

20

This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them.

21

And the princes said unto them, Let them live; but let them be hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation; as the princes had promised them.

22

And Joshua called for them, and he spake unto them, saying, Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying, We are very far from you; when ye dwell among us?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them—The phrase lest wrath be upon us (וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ קֶצֶף, v'lo-yihyeh aleinu qetzef) reveals Israel's fear of divine judgment for oath-breaking. The word wrath (qetzef) describes God's fierce anger against covenant violation, not mere human displeasure.

The decision to let them live (נְחַיֶּה, nechayeh) as servants (v. 21) balanced covenant faithfulness with practical wisdom. Rather than execute them (breaking the oath) or fully integrate them (violating herem separation), Israel created a servant class for sacred duties. This compromise protected God's name while limiting Canaanite influence. When Saul later violated this oath by killing Gibeonites (2 Samuel 21:1), God sent three-year famine—proving the wrath Israel feared was real.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The fear of divine wrath for oath-breaking was well-founded in Torah—Numbers 30:2 commands: 'If a man vow a vow unto the LORD, or swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond; he shall not break his word.' Ancient Near Eastern cultures took oaths with utmost seriousness, as violating deity-sworn treaties invited supernatural punishment. Israel's decision demonstrated mature covenant theology: God's honor trumps human convenience.

Reflection Questions

  1. How seriously do you take promises made in God's name, even when circumstances change?
  2. What creative solutions honor both God's holiness and practical realities when facing dilemmas?
  3. How does fear of God's discipline function as wise reverence rather than servile terror?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
זֹ֛את1 of 14
H2063

this (often used adverb)

נַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה2 of 14

This we will do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לָהֶ֖ם3 of 14
H0
וְהַֽחֲיֵ֣ה4 of 14

to them we will even let them live

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

אוֹתָ֑ם5 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

וְלֹֽא6 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִֽהְיֶ֤ה7 of 14
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙8 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

קֶ֔צֶף9 of 14

lest wrath

H7110

a splinter (as chipped off)

עַל10 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַשְּׁבוּעָ֖ה11 of 14

be upon us because of the oath

H7621

properly, something sworn, i.e., an oath

אֲשֶׁר12 of 14
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

נִשְׁבַּ֥עְנוּ13 of 14

which we sware

H7650

to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

לָהֶֽם׃14 of 14
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 9:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 9:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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