King James Version

What Does Joshua 22:20 Mean?

Joshua 22:20 in the King James Version says “Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.

Joshua 22:20 · KJV


Context

18

But that ye must turn away this day from following the LORD? and it will be, seeing ye rebel to day against the LORD, that to morrow he will be wroth with the whole congregation of Israel.

19

Notwithstanding, if the land of your possession be unclean, then pass ye over unto the land of the possession of the LORD, wherein the LORD'S tabernacle dwelleth, and take possession among us: but rebel not against the LORD, nor rebel against us, in building you an altar beside the altar of the LORD our God.

20

Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.

21

Then the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh answered, and said unto the heads of the thousands of Israel,

22

The LORD God of gods, the LORD God of gods, he knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if in transgression against the LORD, (save us not this day,)


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing—The second historical example after Peor. Achan's theft of devoted items (חֵרֶם, cherem) at Jericho brought defeat at Ai and cost 36 Israelite lives (Joshua 7). The same word ma'al ("trespass") is used here as in verse 16, creating a direct parallel between Achan's sin and the suspected altar violation.

That man perished not alone in his iniquity—Though Achan was individually guilty, his entire household was executed (Joshua 7:24-25), and the whole army suffered defeat. This reinforces the theme of corporate consequences for individual sin, making the delegation's fear of another altar entirely rational given Israel's recent history.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Achan's execution occurred only months or years before this incident. The delegation consists of the very generation who witnessed his judgment, making it a fresh and terrifying memory that shapes their response to the Transjordan altar.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should awareness of sin's corporate consequences make us more careful about our personal holiness?
  2. Does the New Testament maintain this principle of corporate responsibility (Acts 5:1-11, 1 Corinthians 11:30)?
  3. How can we communicate concern about sin without creating a culture of fear or legalism?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
הֲל֣וֹא׀1 of 19
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

עָכָ֣ן2 of 19

Did not Achan

H5912

akan, an israelite

בֶּן3 of 19

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

זֶ֗רַח4 of 19

of Zerah

H2226

zerach, the name of three israelites, also of an idumaean and an ethiopian prince

מָ֤עַל5 of 19

commit

H4603

properly, to cover up; used only figuratively, to act covertly, i.e., treacherously

מַ֙עַל֙6 of 19

a trespass

H4604

treachery, i.e., sin

בַּחֵ֔רֶם7 of 19

in the accursed thing

H2764

physical (as shutting in) a net (either literally or figuratively); usually a doomed object; abstractly extermination

וְעַֽל8 of 19
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

כָּל9 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

עֲדַ֥ת10 of 19

on all the congregation

H5712

a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל11 of 19

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

הָ֣יָה12 of 19

fell

H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

קָ֑צֶף13 of 19

and wrath

H7110

a splinter (as chipped off)

וְהוּא֙14 of 19
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

אִ֣ישׁ15 of 19

and that man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶחָ֔ד16 of 19

not alone

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

לֹ֥א17 of 19
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

גָוַ֖ע18 of 19

perished

H1478

to breathe out, i.e., (by implication) expire

בַּֽעֲוֹנֽוֹ׃19 of 19

in his iniquity

H5771

perversity, i.e., (moral) evil


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 22:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 22:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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