King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 15:3 Mean?

Jeremiah 15:3 in the King James Version says “And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the h... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy. kinds: Heb. families

Jeremiah 15:3 · KJV


Context

1

Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind could not be toward this people: cast them out of my sight, and let them go forth.

2

And it shall come to pass, if they say unto thee, Whither shall we go forth? then thou shalt tell them, Thus saith the LORD; Such as are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; and such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for the captivity, to the captivity.

3

And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy. kinds: Heb. families

4

And I will cause them to be removed into all kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem. cause: Heb. give them for a removing

5

For who shall have pity upon thee, O Jerusalem? or who shall bemoan thee? or who shall go aside to ask how thou doest? how: Heb. of thy peace?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse announces four kinds of destroyers: 'And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy.' The Hebrew arba mishpachoth (אַרְבַּע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת, four families/kinds) are agents of destruction. The 'sword' (cherev) represents human enemies; 'dogs' (kelavim) are scavenging wild dogs; 'fowls' (oph hashamayim) are carrion birds; 'beasts' (behemoth ha'arets) are wild animals. The image is of unburied dead devoured by scavengers—ultimate dishonor, ultimate desolation. Bodies left unburied violates covenant blessing (Deuteronomy 28:26).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Mass casualties during siege and conquest often left bodies unburied, attracting scavengers. Ancient Near Eastern curse texts include similar imagery of bodies left for dogs and birds. The inability to bury dead properly represented societal collapse and greatest shame. Jeremiah 7:33, 16:4, 19:7, and 34:20 repeat this threat.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the image of unburied bodies devoured by scavengers communicate about judgment's completeness?
  2. How does the fourfold destruction (sword, dogs, birds, beasts) encompass both human and animal agents?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י1 of 20

And I will appoint

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם2 of 20
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

אַרְבַּ֤ע3 of 20

over them four

H702

four

מִשְׁפָּחוֹת֙4 of 20

kinds

H4940

a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people

נְאֻם5 of 20

saith

H5002

an oracle

יְהוָ֔ה6 of 20

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶת7 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַחֶ֣רֶב8 of 20

the sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

לַֽהֲרֹ֔ג9 of 20

to slay

H2026

to smite with deadly intent

וְאֶת10 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַכְּלָבִ֖ים11 of 20

and the dogs

H3611

a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute

לִסְחֹ֑ב12 of 20

to tear

H5498

to trail along

וְאֶת13 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

ע֧וֹף14 of 20

and the fowls

H5775

a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectively

הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם15 of 20

of the heaven

H8064

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r

וְאֶת16 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בֶּהֱמַ֥ת17 of 20

and the beasts

H929

properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)

הָאָ֖רֶץ18 of 20

of the earth

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

לֶאֱכֹ֥ל19 of 20

to devour

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

וּלְהַשְׁחִֽית׃20 of 20

and destroy

H7843

to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 15:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 15:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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