King James Version

What Does Isaiah 23:17 Mean?

Isaiah 23:17 in the King James Version says “And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years, that the LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire,... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years, that the LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire, and shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth.

Isaiah 23:17 · KJV


Context

15

And it shall come to pass in that day, that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years, according to the days of one king: after the end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as an harlot. shall Tyre: Heb. it shall be unto Tyre as the song of an harlot

16

Take an harp, go about the city, thou harlot that hast been forgotten; make sweet melody, sing many songs, that thou mayest be remembered.

17

And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years, that the LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire, and shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth.

18

And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the LORD: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the LORD, to eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing. durable: Heb. old


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire—The verb paqad (visit) carries double meaning: divine intervention that can be either blessing or judgment. Here it's both: God ends the seventy-year desolation, but Tyre returns to etan (hire/prostitute's wages). And shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth (וְזָנְתָה עִם־כָּל־מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה)—The verb zanatah (commit fornication/prostitution) with 'all kingdoms' emphasizes indiscriminate trade relations. Tyre's restoration brings no moral improvement—she resumes morally neutral commerce with anyone for profit.

This verse's cynicism about partial restoration is sobering: divine judgment lifted doesn't automatically mean spiritual transformation occurred. Tyre, given a second chance, returns to idolatrous commercial practices. The pattern repeats throughout Scripture: Israel freed from Egypt grumbles; exiles return from Babylon half-heartedly; churches warned in Revelation relapse. External circumstances change, but hearts remain hard unless regenerated by God's Spirit. The prophetic warning: outward reformation without heart transformation is temporary and superficial. Only the New Covenant's promise—'I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts' (Jeremiah 31:33)—breaks this cycle.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

After Babylonian and early Persian-period weakness, Tyre regained commercial importance by the 4th century BC. She traded impartially with Greeks, Persians, Egyptians—whoever paid. This 'fornication with all kingdoms' continued until Alexander's final destruction (332 BC) ended Phoenician Tyre forever. Modern Tyre (Sur, Lebanon) is an entirely different entity.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does removal of external judgment not automatically produce internal repentance and transformation?
  2. How do people and institutions repeat the same sins after experiencing consequences, and what does this reveal about human nature?
  3. What is the difference between external reform and the heart transformation the gospel produces?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וְהָיָ֞ה1 of 18
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

מִקֵּ֣ץ׀2 of 18

And it shall come to pass after the end

H7093

an extremity; adverbially (with prepositional prefix) after

שִׁבְעִ֣ים3 of 18

of seventy

H7657

seventy

שָׁנָ֗ה4 of 18

years

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

יִפְקֹ֤ד5 of 18

will visit

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

יְהוָה֙6 of 18

that the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶת7 of 18
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

צֹ֔ר8 of 18

Tyre

H6865

tsor, a place in palestine

וְשָׁבָ֖ה9 of 18

and she shall turn

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

לְאֶתְנַנָּ֑ה10 of 18

to her hire

H868

a gift (as the price of harlotry or idolatry)

וְזָֽנְתָ֛ה11 of 18

and shall commit fornication

H2181

to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (

אֶת12 of 18
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

כָּל13 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

מַמְלְכ֥וֹת14 of 18

with all the kingdoms

H4467

dominion, i.e., (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm)

הָאָ֖רֶץ15 of 18

of the world

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

עַל16 of 18
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

פְּנֵ֥י17 of 18

upon the face

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

הָאֲדָמָֽה׃18 of 18

of the earth

H127

soil (from its general redness)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 23:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 23:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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