King James Version

What Does Isaiah 10:1 Mean?

Isaiah 10:1 in the King James Version says “Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and that write grievousness which they have prescribed; that write: or, t...” — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and that write grievousness which they have prescribed; that write: or, to the writers that write grievousness”

Isaiah 10:1 · KJV

Context

1

Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and that write grievousness which they have prescribed; that write: or, to the writers that write grievousness

2

To turn aside the needy from judgment, and to take away the right from the poor of my people, that widows may be their prey, and that they may rob the fatherless!

3

And what will ye do in the day of visitation, and in the desolation which shall come from far? to whom will ye flee for help? and where will ye leave your glory?

Read Isaiah 10 full chapter

Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
A woe oracle targets unjust lawmakers who create oppressive legislation. 'Decree unrighteous decrees' refers to enacting unjust laws. 'Write grievousness' means recording oppressive regulations—making injustice official policy. This demonstrates that individual sin isn't the only concern; systemic, institutionalized injustice incurs divine wrath. When legal systems become instruments of oppression rather than justice, God pronounces judgment. The Reformed tradition has always emphasized both personal and structural righteousness.

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Historical & Cultural Context

In 8th century BC Israel and Judah, corrupt judges and lawmakers systematically oppressed the poor (Amos 5:10-15; Micah 3:9-11). Legal systems favored the wealthy and powerful. Prophets like Isaiah condemned not just individual crimes but legal structures that perpetuated injustice. Babylonian law codes and court records from this era reveal widespread corruption. When legal systems fail to protect the vulnerable, societies deserve judgment.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do unjust laws and policies multiply oppression beyond individual acts of wickedness?
  2. What is our responsibility as citizens to advocate for just laws that protect the vulnerable?
  3. How should Christians engage with legal and political systems to promote biblical justice?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
ה֥וֹי1 of 7

“Woe”

H1945

oh!

הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים2 of 7

“unto them that decree”

H2710

properly, to hack, i.e., engrave (judges 5:14, to be a scribe simply); by implication, to enact (laws being cut in stone or metal tablets in primitive

חִקְקֵי3 of 7

“decrees”

H2711

an enactment, a resolution

אָ֑וֶן4 of 7

“unrighteous”

H205

strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol

כִּתֵּֽבוּ׃5 of 7

“and that write”

H3789

to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)

עָמָ֖ל6 of 7

“grievousness”

H5999

toil, i.e., wearing effort; hence, worry, whether of body or mind

כִּתֵּֽבוּ׃7 of 7

“and that write”

H3789

to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 10:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 10:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Luke 11:52Micah 3:1-4Matthew 23:23Psalms 94:20-21John 9:22Luke 11:42-44

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