King James Version

What Does Isaiah 1:31 Mean?

Isaiah 1:31 in the King James Version says “And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them. maker: or, and his work

Isaiah 1:31 · KJV


Context

29

For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen.

30

For ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that hath no water.

31

And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them. maker: or, and his work


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The imagery of the strong becoming 'tow' (dried flax—highly flammable) and their work a 'spark' depicts self-destruction: human achievement apart from God becomes fuel for judgment's fire. The phrase 'they shall both burn together' emphasizes totality—neither person nor accomplishment survives. This eschatological judgment parallels Christ's teaching on hay, wood, and stubble consumed by fire (1 Corinthians 3:12-15) and anticipates the final judgment where unrighteousness is utterly destroyed (2 Peter 3:10-12).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Despite political strength and economic prosperity under Uzziah and Jotham, Judah's moral corruption made them spiritually combustible. Military might and material wealth couldn't avert coming judgment.

Reflection Questions

  1. What human strengths or achievements might we be trusting in that will ultimately prove to be 'tow'?
  2. How does this verse shape our understanding of what endures versus what will be consumed in judgment?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְהָיָ֤ה1 of 10
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

הֶחָסֹן֙2 of 10

And the strong

H2634

powerful

לִנְעֹ֔רֶת3 of 10

shall be as tow

H5296

something shaken out, i.e., tow (as the refuse of flax)

וּפֹעֲל֖וֹ4 of 10

and the maker

H6467

an act or work (concretely)

לְנִיצ֑וֹץ5 of 10

of it as a spark

H5213

a spark

וּבָעֲר֧וּ6 of 10

burn

H1197

to be(-come) brutish

שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם7 of 10

and they shall both

H8147

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

יַחְדָּ֖ו8 of 10

together

H3162

properly, a unit, i.e., (adverb) unitedly

וְאֵ֥ין9 of 10
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

מְכַבֶּֽה׃10 of 10

and none shall quench

H3518

to expire or (causatively) to extinguish (fire, light, anger)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 1:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 1:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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