King James Version

What Does Hosea 4:10 Mean?

Hosea 4:10 in the King James Version says “For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off ... — study this verse from Hosea chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD.

Hosea 4:10 · KJV


Context

8

They eat up the sin of my people, and they set their heart on their iniquity. set: Heb. lift up their soul to

9

And there shall be, like people, like priest: and I will punish them for their ways, and reward them their doings. punish: Heb. visit upon reward: Heb. cause to return

10

For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD.

11

Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart.

12

My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring from under their God.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God's ironic judgment declares 'they shall eat, and not have enough; they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase.' The Hebrew structure emphasizes futility: eating without satisfaction, sexual activity without fruitfulness. This inverts Levitical covenant blessings (Leviticus 26:5, 'you shall eat your bread to the full') and applies covenant curses (Leviticus 26:26, Deuteronomy 28:38-41). The phrase 'they have left off to take heed to the LORD' (ki eth-YHWH azvu lishmor) explains the futility: because they abandoned covenant faithfulness (shamar—keep/guard), their activities produce emptiness. Augustine's principle applies: souls made for God find no satisfaction in created things pursued as ultimate ends. When humans reject God as their supreme good, everything else fails to satisfy the God-shaped void.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's prosperity under Jeroboam II (mid-8th century BC) was accompanied by spiritual bankruptcy: elaborate religious rituals at Bethel and Dan, syncretism with Baal worship (fertility cult promising agricultural abundance and many children), and pursuit of political alliances. Despite material wealth, inner emptiness persisted. The Baal cult's sexual rituals (temple prostitution) promised fertility but God promised the opposite: spiritual adultery yields barrenness. Within decades, Assyria destroyed this prosperity, demonstrating that prosperity divorced from covenant faithfulness is illusory. Jesus later warned against storing earthly treasures that moths and rust destroy (Matthew 6:19-21).

Reflection Questions

  1. What pursuits in my life promise satisfaction but leave me empty because they substitute for God?
  2. How do I respond when God withholds the fruit I expect from activities pursued apart from Him?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְאָֽכְלוּ֙1 of 11

For they shall eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

וְלֹ֣א2 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִשְׂבָּ֔עוּ3 of 11

and not have enough

H7646

to sate, i.e., fill to satisfaction (literally or figuratively)

הִזְנ֖וּ4 of 11

they shall commit whoredom

H2181

to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (

וְלֹ֣א5 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִפְרֹ֑צוּ6 of 11

and shall not increase

H6555

to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative)

כִּֽי7 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אֶת8 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יְהוָ֥ה9 of 11

to the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

עָזְב֖וּ10 of 11

because they have left off

H5800

to loosen, i.e., relinquish, permit, etc

לִשְׁמֹֽר׃11 of 11

to take heed

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Hosea. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Hosea 4:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Hosea 4:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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