King James Version

What Does Ezekiel 27:23 Mean?

Ezekiel 27:23 in the King James Version says “Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad, were thy merchants. — study this verse from Ezekiel chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad, were thy merchants.

Ezekiel 27:23 · KJV


Context

21

Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they thy merchants. they occupied: Heb. they were the merchants of thy hand

22

The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy merchants: they occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

23

Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad, were thy merchants.

24

These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise. all: or, excellent things clothes: Heb. foldings

25

The ships of Tarshish did sing of thee in thy market: and thou wast replenished, and made very glorious in the midst of the seas.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad—This verse lists Mesopotamian trading centers: Haran (Abraham's family city, Genesis 11:31-32), Canneh (possibly Calneh, Genesis 10:10), and Eden (likely Bit-Adini, an Aramean kingdom). The repetition of Sheba emphasizes Arabia's commercial dominance. Asshur (Assyria) represents the great empire that had conquered the Northern Kingdom of Israel in 722 BC. The Hebrew structure lists these cities as roklim (רֹכְלִים, merchants/traders), emphasizing their role as commercial intermediaries.

That Tyre traded with Israel's conqueror (Assyria) reveals the moral bankruptcy of commercial neutrality. Profit trumped loyalty or justice. The church faces the same temptation—partnering with worldly systems that oppose God's kingdom for the sake of influence or gain.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Haran (modern Harran, Turkey) sat at the crossroads of ancient trade routes between Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean. Assyria (Asshur) was the dominant Near Eastern power until Babylon defeated it in 609 BC. This verse captures the commercial world just before Babylon's rise—within decades, Nebuchadnezzar would conquer all these trading partners, including Tyre. Ezekiel's prophecy came during this transitional period (593 BC).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Tyre's willingness to trade with Israel's enemies challenge you to examine your own compromises with systems opposed to God's values?
  2. What "Assyrias" in your life—sources of profit or security that require moral compromise—do you need to identify and reject?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
חָרָ֤ן1 of 8

Haran

H2771

charan, the name of a man

וְכַנֵּה֙2 of 8

and Canneh

H3656

canneh, a place in assyria

וָעֶ֔דֶן3 of 8

and Eden

H5729

eden, a place in mesopotamia

רֹכַלְתֵּֽךְ׃4 of 8

the merchants

H7402

to travel for trading

שְׁבָ֑א5 of 8

of Sheba

H7614

sheba, the name of three early progenitors of tribes and of an ethiopian district

אַשּׁ֖וּר6 of 8

Asshur

H804

ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire

כִּלְמַ֥ד7 of 8

and Chilmad

H3638

kilmad, a place apparently in the assyrian empire

רֹכַלְתֵּֽךְ׃8 of 8

the merchants

H7402

to travel for trading


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezekiel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezekiel 27:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezekiel 27:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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