King James Version

What Does Ezekiel 27:18 Mean?

Ezekiel 27:18 in the King James Version says “Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of H... — study this verse from Ezekiel chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white wool.

Ezekiel 27:18 · KJV


Context

16

Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate. the wares: Heb. thy works agate: or, chrysoprase

17

Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy merchants: they traded in thy market wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm. balm: or, rosin

18

Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white wool.

19

Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in thy fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market. going: or, Meuzal

20

Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots. precious: Heb. clothes of freedom


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches (מֵרֹב כָּל־הוֹן, merov kol-hon)—Damascus, Aram's capital and one of the ancient world's oldest continuously inhabited cities, traded with Tyre due to the abundance (rov) of both Tyre's manufactured goods (ma'asayikh) and Damascus's own wealth (hon). In the wine of Helbon, and white wool (בְּיֵין חֶלְבּוֹן וְצֶמֶר צָחַר, beyein Chelbon vetsemer tsachar)—Helbon (near Damascus) produced wine so famous that Persian kings demanded it (attested in ancient sources). Tsemer tsachar ("white wool") indicates premium quality, likely from prized Damascus-area sheep.

Even Damascus, Israel's historic enemy (2 Kings 16:9), participated in Tyre's commercial web. The wine of Helbon contrasts with the wine of communion (Luke 22:20)—one for commercial pleasure, the other for covenant remembrance. Tyre's judgment demonstrates that economic alliances transcending spiritual enmities cannot ultimately save (Isaiah 31:1-3). All who trade with Babylon/Tyre share her judgment (Revelation 18:4).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Damascus, located at a desert oasis on major trade routes, was one of the world's oldest cities (mentioned in Genesis 14:15). By Ezekiel's time it had recovered from Assyrian conquest and was a major commercial power. Helbon (likely modern Halbun, 15 miles north of Damascus) was renowned for viticulture—classical sources mention Persian kings preferring Helbon wine. The Damascus region's white wool was prized throughout antiquity. The city's strategic location made it a natural trading partner for Phoenician coastal cities, facilitating commerce between Mediterranean and Mesopotamian/Arabian markets.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do economic partnerships with those hostile to God's purposes compromise spiritual integrity, despite appearing profitable?
  2. What is the difference between the "wine of Helbon" (luxury consumption) and the wine of Christ's covenant (sacrificial communion)?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
דַּמֶּ֧שֶׂק1 of 11

Damascus

H1834

damascus, a city of syria

סֹחַרְתֵּ֛ךְ2 of 11

was thy merchant

H5503

to travel round (specifically as a pedlar); intensively, to palpitate

מֵרֹ֣ב3 of 11

for the multitude

H7230

abundance (in any respect)

מַעֲשַׂ֖יִךְ4 of 11

of the wares of thy making

H4639

an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

מֵרֹ֣ב5 of 11

for the multitude

H7230

abundance (in any respect)

כָּל6 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

ה֑וֹן7 of 11

of all riches

H1952

wealth; by implication, enough

בְּיֵ֥ין8 of 11

in the wine

H3196

wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication

חֶלְבּ֖וֹן9 of 11

of Helbon

H2463

chelbon, a place in syria

וְצֶ֥מֶר10 of 11

wool

H6785

wool

צָֽחַר׃11 of 11

and white

H6713

sheen, i.e., whiteness


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezekiel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezekiel 27:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezekiel 27:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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