King James Version

What Does Ezekiel 27:12 Mean?

Ezekiel 27:12 in the King James Version says “Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they trade... — study this verse from Ezekiel chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs.

Ezekiel 27:12 · KJV


Context

10

They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.

11

The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and the Gammadims were in thy towers: they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have made thy beauty perfect.

12

Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs.

13

Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market. market: or, merchandise

14

They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches (מֵרֹב כָּל־הוֹן, merov kol-hon)—Tarshish (likely Tartessos in southern Spain, the ancient world's western extremity) traded hon ("wealth/riches"), emphasizing abundance. With silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs (בְּכֶסֶף בַּרְזֶל בְּדִיל וְעוֹפֶרֶת, bekhesef barzel bedil ve'oferet)—four metals representing the complete spectrum from precious (silver) to base (lead). Tin (bedil) was especially critical for bronze-making, imported from distant sources. The Hebrew 'izabonayikh ("your fairs/markets") depicts organized commercial exchanges.

Tarshish symbolized the uttermost parts of the earth (Psalm 72:10, Isaiah 66:19). That even Spain's metals flowed to Tyre demonstrates global economic dominance—yet Jonah fled to Tarshish to escape God's presence (Jonah 1:3), illustrating that earth's farthest reaches cannot hide from divine judgment. Tyre's worldwide network makes its coming desolation more complete.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Tarshish, most likely Tartessos in southern Spain, was famous in antiquity for mineral wealth, particularly silver and tin. The "Ships of Tarshish" became proverbial for long-distance commercial vessels (1 Kings 10:22). Archaeological evidence confirms extensive Phoenician mining and smelting operations in Spain from the 9th century BC onward. The tin trade was especially valuable as it was required for bronze (copper-tin alloy), and sources were scarce in the ancient Near East. Lead was used for weights, pipes, and construction.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the accumulation of "all kinds of riches" from earth's extremities blind us to spiritual poverty?
  2. What are the modern equivalents of Tyre's global trading networks, and how might they fall in God's timing?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ1 of 11

Tarshish

H8659

tarshish, a place on the mediterranean, hence, the ephithet of a merchant vessel (as if for or from that port); also the name of a persian and of an i

סֹחַרְתֵּ֖ךְ2 of 11

was thy merchant

H5503

to travel round (specifically as a pedlar); intensively, to palpitate

מֵרֹ֣ב3 of 11

by reason of the multitude

H7230

abundance (in any respect)

כָּל4 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

ה֑וֹן5 of 11

of all kind of riches

H1952

wealth; by implication, enough

בְּכֶ֤סֶף6 of 11

with silver

H3701

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

בַּרְזֶל֙7 of 11

iron

H1270

iron (as cutting); by extension, an iron implement

בְּדִ֣יל8 of 11

tin

H913

alloy (because removed by smelting); by analogy, tin

וְעוֹפֶ֔רֶת9 of 11

and lead

H5777

lead (from its dusty color)

נָתְנ֖וּ10 of 11

they traded

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

עִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃11 of 11

in thy fairs

H5801

trade, i.e., the place (mart) or the payment (revenue)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezekiel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezekiel 27:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezekiel 27:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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