King James Version

What Does Ezekiel 27:14 Mean?

Ezekiel 27:14 in the King James Version says “They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules. — study this verse from Ezekiel chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

Ezekiel 27:14 · KJV


Context

12

Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs.

13

Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market. market: or, merchandise

14

They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

15

The men of Dedan were thy merchants; many isles were the merchandise of thine hand: they brought thee for a present horns of ivory and ebony.

16

Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate. the wares: Heb. thy works agate: or, chrysoprase


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules (בְּסוּסִים וּפָרָשִׁים וּפְרָדִים, besusim ufarashim ufradim)—Togarmah (likely Armenia or eastern Asia Minor, descended from Japheth, Genesis 10:3) specialized in equestrian trade: susim (horses for chariots/cavalry), farashim (war-horses or horsemen), and peradim (mules for burden). Ancient military power depended heavily on horse supply, making this trade strategically vital.

Israel was explicitly forbidden from multiplying horses (Deuteronomy 17:16), meant to trust God rather than military might (Psalm 20:7, Isaiah 31:1). Tyre's horse-trading epitomized reliance on arms rather than the Almighty. When judgment comes, "the horse and his rider" provide no deliverance (Exodus 15:21; Amos 2:15). God opposes not merely commerce, but the militarism and self-sufficiency it enables.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Togarmah (likely Beth-Togarmah, capital of the Tabal kingdom in eastern Asia Minor, modern Armenia/Turkey region) was renowned for horse-breeding. Ancient Near Eastern texts, including Assyrian annals, mention Tabal as a source of horses. The region's mountainous terrain produced hardy cavalry horses. Mules (horse-donkey hybrids) were valuable for carrying loads in rough terrain. By the 6th century BC, cavalry had become dominant in Near Eastern warfare, making horse supply economically and militarily strategic. Solomon earlier imported horses, violating Mosaic law (1 Kings 10:28-29).

Reflection Questions

  1. What are modern "horses and chariots"—securities we accumulate that represent trust in human power rather than God?
  2. How does strategic/military trade create economic dependency that undermines spiritual reliance on divine provision?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
מִבֵּ֖ית1 of 7

They of the house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

תּוֹגַרְמָ֑ה2 of 7

of Togarmah

H8425

togarmah, a son of gomer and his posterity

סוּסִ֤ים3 of 7

with horses

H5483

a horse (as leaping)

וּפָֽרָשִׁים֙4 of 7

and horsemen

H6571

a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single nor for mounting ); also (by implication) a driver (in a chariot), i.e., (collectively) cavalry

וּפְרָדִ֔ים5 of 7

and mules

H6505

a mule (perhaps from his lonely habits)

נָתְנ֖וּ6 of 7

traded

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

עִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃7 of 7

in thy fairs

H5801

trade, i.e., the place (mart) or the payment (revenue)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezekiel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezekiel 27:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezekiel 27:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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