King James Version

What Does Exodus 38:2 Mean?

Exodus 38:2 in the King James Version says “And he made the horns thereof on the four corners of it; the horns thereof were of the same: and he overlaid it with bra... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 38 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he made the horns thereof on the four corners of it; the horns thereof were of the same: and he overlaid it with brass.

Exodus 38:2 · KJV


Context

1

And he made the altar of burnt offering of shittim wood: five cubits was the length thereof, and five cubits the breadth thereof; it was foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof.

2

And he made the horns thereof on the four corners of it; the horns thereof were of the same: and he overlaid it with brass.

3

And he made all the vessels of the altar, the pots, and the shovels, and the basons, and the fleshhooks, and the firepans: all the vessels thereof made he of brass.

4

And he made for the altar a brasen grate of network under the compass thereof beneath unto the midst of it.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Horns on the four corners (קַרְנֹתָיו עַל־אַרְבַּע פִּנֹּתָיו, karnotav al-arba pinnotav) represent power and refuge—sacrificial blood applied to horns (Leviticus 4:7) demonstrates power over sin. Those fleeing judgment could grasp altar horns for mercy (1 Kings 1:50-51), illustrating that refuge from judgment exists only at the place of sacrifice. The horns being 'of the same' (מִמֶּנּוּ, mimmennu—'from it') teaches that true refuge isn't external addition but intrinsic to the sacrifice itself. Christ's power to save flows from His cross, not from supplementary means.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The four horns projected from the altar's corners, likely made by shaping extensions of the acacia wood before overlaying with bronze. Blood application to these horns was essential in sin and trespass offerings (Leviticus 4), demonstrating the horns' role in atonement.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does blood applied to horns (symbols of power) teach about the power of substitutionary atonement?
  2. How does grasping altar horns for refuge illustrate that safety from judgment exists only in Christ's sacrifice?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ1 of 11

And he made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

קַרְנֹתָ֑יו2 of 11

of it the horns

H7161

a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask, cornet; by resemblance. an elephant's tooth (i.e., ivory), a corner (of the altar), a peak (of a moun

עַ֚ל3 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

אַרְבַּ֣ע4 of 11

thereof on the four

H702

four

פִּנֹּתָ֔יו5 of 11

corners

H6438

an angle; by implication, a pinnacle; figuratively, a chieftain

מִמֶּ֖נּוּ6 of 11
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הָי֣וּ7 of 11
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

קַרְנֹתָ֑יו8 of 11

of it the horns

H7161

a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask, cornet; by resemblance. an elephant's tooth (i.e., ivory), a corner (of the altar), a peak (of a moun

וַיְצַ֥ף9 of 11

thereof were of the same and he overlaid

H6823

to sheet over (especially with metal)

אֹת֖וֹ10 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃11 of 11

it with brass

H5178

copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e., coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or silver)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 38:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 38:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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