King James Version

What Does Exodus 32:16 Mean?

Exodus 32:16 in the King James Version says “And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 32 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.

Exodus 32:16 · KJV


Context

14

And the LORD repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people.

15

And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.

16

And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.

17

And when Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said unto Moses, There is a noise of war in the camp.

18

And he said, It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery, neither is it the voice of them that cry for being overcome: but the noise of them that sing do I hear. being: Heb. weakness


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The tablets are described as מַעֲשֵׂה אֱלֹהִים (ma'aseh Elohim, the work of God)—wholly divine origin. The inscription וְהַמִּכְתָּב מִכְתַּב אֱלֹהִים (vehamiktav miktav Elohim, and the writing was the writing of God) uses emphatic doubling. The word חָרוּת (charut, engraved) comes from a root meaning 'to cut' or 'inscribe deeply.' The entire description emphasizes these were not human documents but direct divine revelation. The later Talmudic wordplay connects חָרוּת (charut, engraved) with חֵרוּת (cherut, freedom)—true freedom comes from God's law inscribed on hearts (Jer 31:33).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

No other ancient Near Eastern law code claimed direct divine authorship in this manner. The closest parallels (Hammurabi, etc.) claimed divine inspiration, but not that deity wrote the laws directly.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should the divine origin of Scripture shape how you read and obey it?
  2. What's the relationship between God's law and genuine freedom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
הַלֻּחֹֽת׃1 of 11

And the tables

H3871

probably meaning to glisten; a tablet (as polished), of stone, wood or metal

מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה2 of 11

were the work

H4639

an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

אֱלֹהִים֙3 of 11

of God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

הֵ֑מָּה4 of 11
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

מִכְתַּ֤ב5 of 11

and the writing

H4385

a thing written, the characters, or a document (letter, copy, edict, poem)

מִכְתַּ֤ב6 of 11

and the writing

H4385

a thing written, the characters, or a document (letter, copy, edict, poem)

אֱלֹהִים֙7 of 11

of God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

ה֔וּא8 of 11
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

חָר֖וּת9 of 11

graven

H2801

to engrave

עַל10 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַלֻּחֹֽת׃11 of 11

And the tables

H3871

probably meaning to glisten; a tablet (as polished), of stone, wood or metal


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 32:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 32:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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