King James Version

What Does Proverbs 25:21 Mean?

Proverbs 25:21 in the King James Version says “If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink: — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 25 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink:

Proverbs 25:21 · KJV


Context

19

Confidence in an unfaithful man in time of trouble is like a broken tooth, and a foot out of joint.

20

As he that taketh away a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to an heavy heart.

21

If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink:

22

For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee.

23

The north wind driveth away rain: so doth an angry countenance a backbiting tongue. driveth: or, bringeth forth rain: so doth a backbiting tongue an angry countenance


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This proverb commands enemy-love: 'If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink.' Rather than revenge or indifference toward enemies, provide for their basic needs. Verse 22 adds motivation: 'For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee.' The 'coals of fire' likely represents shame that may lead to repentance—kindness to enemies exposes their wickedness and may soften their hearts. God promises reward for such love. Paul quotes this passage in Romans 12:20-21, teaching Christians to overcome evil with good. This radical ethic anticipates Jesus' command to love enemies (Matthew 5:44).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures operated on honor-shame and revenge principles—returning evil for evil maintained honor. Against this, both Old Testament law (Exodus 23:4-5) and wisdom taught enemy-love. This countercultural ethic distinguished Israel's covenant morality from surrounding nations' honor codes. Christianity continued and intensified this teaching, with Jesus exemplifying enemy-love on the cross.

Reflection Questions

  1. Who are your enemies, and how can you practically show them kindness rather than seeking revenge or maintaining distance?
  2. How does enemy-love demonstrate God's character and advance the gospel more effectively than revenge?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
אִם1 of 9
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

רָעֵ֣ב2 of 9

be hungry

H7457

hungry (more or less intensely)

שֹׂ֭נַאֲךָ3 of 9

If thine enemy

H8130

to hate (personally)

הַאֲכִלֵ֣הוּ4 of 9

to eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

לָ֑חֶם5 of 9

give him bread

H3899

food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

וְאִם6 of 9
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

צָ֝מֵ֗א7 of 9

and if he be thirsty

H6771

thirsty (literally or figuratively)

הַשְׁקֵ֥הוּ8 of 9

to drink

H8248

to quaff, i.e., (causatively) to irrigate or furnish a potion to

מָֽיִם׃9 of 9

give him water

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 25:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 25:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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