King James Version

What Does Exodus 12:44 Mean?

Exodus 12:44 in the King James Version says “But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof.

Exodus 12:44 · KJV


Context

42

It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations. a night: Heb. a night of observations

43

And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:

44

But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof.

45

A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.

46

In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The provision that 'every man's servant that is bought for money' can eat Passover after circumcision shows grace extending through covenant signs. Circumcision marked entrance into covenant community regardless of ethnicity. The purchased servant's inclusion demonstrates that redemption-price paid and covenant-sign received grants equal standing. This prefigures redemption in Christ opening covenant membership to all who believe.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Servants in Israel gained covenant privileges through circumcision, contrasting with their exclusion in most ancient cultures. This anticipated Galatians 3:28's truth that in Christ there's neither slave nor free.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does including purchased servants after circumcision illustrate that covenant standing comes through the covenant sign, not ethnicity?
  2. What does the requirement of circumcision before participation teach about visible commitment preceding covenant privileges?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְכָל1 of 10
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

עֶ֥בֶד2 of 10

servant

H5650

a servant

אִ֖ישׁ3 of 10

But every man's

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

מִקְנַת4 of 10

that is bought

H4736

properly, a buying, i.e., acquisition; concretely, a piece of property (land or living); also the sum paid

כָּ֑סֶף5 of 10

for money

H3701

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

וּמַלְתָּ֣ה6 of 10

when thou hast circumcised

H4135

to cut short, i.e., curtail (specifically the prepuce, i.e., to circumcise); by implication, to blunt; figuratively, to destroy

אֹת֔וֹ7 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אָ֖ז8 of 10
H227

at that time or place; also as a conjunction, therefore

יֹ֥אכַל9 of 10

him then shall he eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

בּֽוֹ׃10 of 10
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 12:44 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 12:44 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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