King James Version

What Does Exodus 1:8 Mean?

Exodus 1:8 in the King James Version says “Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph.

Exodus 1:8 · KJV


Context

6

And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.

7

And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.

8

Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph.

9

And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we:

10

Come on, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fight against us, and so get them up out of the land.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph (וַיָּקָם מֶלֶךְ־חָדָשׁ עַל־מִצְרָיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַע אֶת־יוֹסֵף)—The verb arose (קוּם, qum) often signals hostile action in Hebrew narrative. New king likely indicates a dynastic change, possibly the expulsion of the Hyksos and rise of the 18th Dynasty. Knew not (לֹא־יָדַע, lo yada) means more than ignorance—it implies deliberate disregard or refusal to acknowledge. This king rejected the historical debt Egypt owed to Joseph. Theologically, this marks the beginning of Israel's "affliction" prophesied to Abraham (Genesis 15:13). Human power structures shift, but God's redemptive plan advances.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Most likely Ahmose I (c. 1550 BC) or a successor who drove out the Semitic Hyksos rulers. The new native Egyptian dynasty viewed all Asiatics with suspicion as potential collaborators with the hated foreigners. This explains the sudden reversal in Israel's fortune—from honored guests to suspected threats.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you respond when authorities or cultures "forget" God's past works and turn hostile to faith?
  2. What does this verse teach about the transience of political favor and the permanence of God's purposes?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וַיָּ֥קָם1 of 10

Now there arose up

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

מֶֽלֶךְ2 of 10

king

H4428

a king

חָדָ֖שׁ3 of 10

a new

H2319

new

עַל4 of 10
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

מִצְרָ֑יִם5 of 10

over Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

אֲשֶׁ֥ר6 of 10
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹֽא7 of 10
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָדַ֖ע8 of 10

which knew

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

אֶת9 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יוֹסֵֽף׃10 of 10

not Joseph

H3130

joseph, the name of seven israelites


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 1:8 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 1:8 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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