King James Version

What Does Luke 12:5 Mean?

Luke 12:5 in the King James Version says “But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, which after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I sa... — study this verse from Luke chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, which after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear him.

Luke 12:5 · KJV


Context

3

Therefore whatsoever ye have spoken in darkness shall be heard in the light; and that which ye have spoken in the ear in closets shall be proclaimed upon the housetops.

4

And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do.

5

But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, which after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear him.

6

Are not five sparrows sold for two farthings, and not one of them is forgotten before God?

7

But even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not therefore: ye are of more value than many sparrows.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, which after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell—Having minimized fear of man, Jesus maximizes fear of God. The verb hypodeixō (ὑποδείξω, I will forewarn/show) indicates solemn warning. The one to fear is He who after killing has power to cast into hell (μετὰ τὸ ἀποκτεῖναι ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν γέενναν). The word geenna (γέεννα, Gehenna) derives from the Valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem where child sacrifices occurred (2 Kings 23:10) and later became the city's garbage dump with continuously burning fires—Jesus' consistent metaphor for eternal judgment.

The emphatic repetition—yea, I say unto you, Fear him—underscores urgency. The fear commanded here is not terror that drives away but reverence that draws near, not servile dread but filial awe. Yet it remains genuine fear—recognition of God's absolute power over eternal destiny. Human authorities control temporary physical existence; God controls eternal spiritual existence. The one who can destroy both body and soul in hell (Matthew 10:28) deserves infinitely greater fear than those who can merely kill the body. This is the calculus that makes martyrdom rational: better to fear God and suffer temporary human harm than fear man and suffer eternal divine judgment.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Gehenna's imagery was vivid to Jesus' Jewish audience. The Valley of Hinnom (Ge-Hinnom in Hebrew) was Jerusalem's garbage dump where fires burned continually, consuming refuse and corpses. Its association with pagan child sacrifice to Molech made it a symbol of divine judgment. Jesus used Gehenna repeatedly to describe hell's finality and horror (Matthew 5:22, 29-30; 18:9; 23:15, 33; Mark 9:43-47). First-century Jews understood this fear of God—Proverbs 1:7 declares "the fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge." The early church maintained this healthy fear of God (Acts 5:5, 11; 9:31; 2 Corinthians 5:10-11), which grounded their boldness before human authorities. When God is feared rightly, all lesser fears fade.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does proper fear of God actually liberate us from unhealthy fear of man and circumstances?
  2. What is the difference between the fear of God that draws us to Him and the fear that drives us away?
  3. How should the doctrine of hell shape Christian witness and evangelistic urgency without producing manipulative fear tactics?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 21 words
ὑποδείξω1 of 21

I will forewarn

G5263

to exhibit under the eyes, i.e., (figuratively) to exemplify (instruct, admonish)

δὲ2 of 21

But

G1161

but, and, etc

ὑμῖν3 of 21

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

τίνα4 of 21

whom

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

φοβήθητε5 of 21

Fear

G5399

to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere

φοβήθητε6 of 21

Fear

G5399

to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere

τὸν7 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μετὰ8 of 21

him which after

G3326

properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)

τὸ9 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀποκτεῖναι10 of 21

he hath killed

G615

to kill outright; figuratively, to destroy

ἐξουσίαν11 of 21

power

G1849

privilege, i.e., (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively) mastery (concretely, magistrate, superhuman, potentate, token o

ἔχοντα12 of 21

hath

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

ἐμβαλεῖν13 of 21

to cast

G1685

to throw on, i.e., (figuratively) subject to (eternal punishment)

εἰς14 of 21

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὴν15 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γέενναν16 of 21

hell

G1067

valley of (the son of) hinnom; ge-henna (or ge-hinnom), a valley of jerusalem, used (figuratively) as a name for the place (or state) of everlasting p

ναί17 of 21

yea

G3483

yes

λέγω18 of 21

I say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ὑμῖν19 of 21

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

τοῦτον20 of 21

him

G5126

this (person, as objective of verb or preposition)

φοβήθητε21 of 21

Fear

G5399

to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 12:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 12:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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