What Does Esther 9:7 Mean?

And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and Aspatha (וְאֵת פַּרְשַׁנְדָּתָא וְאֵת דַּלְפוֹן וְאֵת אַסְפָּתָא)—These Persian names begin the list of Haman's ten sons, executed as co-conspirators in the genocide plot. The Hebrew text's unusual vertical arrangement (in traditional manuscripts) visually emphasizes that all ten died together, simultaneously.

This isn't arbitrary vengeance but judicial execution of those who held positions of power under their father's genocidal administration. In ancient Near Eastern law, a conspirator's family often shared culpability, especially when they benefited from or participated in the crime. The sons would have been administrators implementing Haman's plot.