King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 5:14 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 5:14 in the King James Version says “But those riches perish by evil travail: and he begetteth a son, and there is nothing in his hand. — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But those riches perish by evil travail: and he begetteth a son, and there is nothing in his hand.

Ecclesiastes 5:14 · KJV


Context

12

The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much: but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep.

13

There is a sore evil which I have seen under the sun, namely, riches kept for the owners thereof to their hurt.

14

But those riches perish by evil travail: and he begetteth a son, and there is nothing in his hand.

15

As he came forth of his mother's womb, naked shall he return to go as he came, and shall take nothing of his labour, which he may carry away in his hand.

16

And this also is a sore evil, that in all points as he came, so shall he go: and what profit hath he that hath laboured for the wind?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But those riches perish by evil travail (וְאָבַד הָעֹשֶׁר הַהוּא בְּעִנְיַן רָע, ve'avad ha'osher hahu be'inyan ra)—'and that wealth was lost through bad business/misfortune.' The noun inyan refers to occupation, affair, or venture—the wealth vanishes through failed enterprise. And he begetteth a son, and there is nothing in his hand (וְהוֹלִיד בֵּן וְאֵין בְּיָדוֹ מְאוּמָה, veholid ben ve'ein beyado me'umah)—he fathers a child, yet has nothing left to provide.

The 'sore evil' (v.13) now plays out concretely: the hoarded wealth disappears through misfortune or bad decisions, leaving the owner unable to fulfill paternal duty of inheritance. The phrase 'nothing in his hand' (ein beyado me'umah) emphasizes complete emptiness—the grasping hand opens to reveal nothing. This illustrates Jesus's teaching: 'Do not lay up treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and thieves break in and steal' (Matthew 6:19). The father who focused on accumulation for his son's sake finds his singular focus produces the opposite result. True inheritance is training in godliness (Proverbs 22:6), not merely material transfer.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israelite culture emphasized generational wealth transfer—fathers were expected to provide inheritances (Proverbs 13:22). The shame of having 'nothing in his hand' for one's son represented profound failure of patriarchal responsibility.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'bad ventures' in your life might be threatening to consume the resources God has entrusted to you?
  2. How does focusing on leaving material inheritance for children potentially distract from more important spiritual legacy?
  3. In what ways can riches 'perish' beyond literal loss—through damaged relationships, lost opportunities, spiritual compromise?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְאָבַ֛ד1 of 10

perish

H6

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

הָעֹ֥שֶׁר2 of 10

But those riches

H6239

wealth

הַה֖וּא3 of 10
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

בְּעִנְיַ֣ן4 of 10

travail

H6045

ado, i.e., (generally) employment or (specifically) an affair

רָ֑ע5 of 10

by evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

וְהוֹלִ֣יד6 of 10

and he begetteth

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

בֵּ֔ן7 of 10

a son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

וְאֵ֥ין8 of 10
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

בְּיָד֖וֹ9 of 10

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

מְאֽוּמָה׃10 of 10

and there is nothing

H3972

properly, a speck or point, i.e., (by implication) something; with negative, nothing


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 5:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 5:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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