King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 19:7 Mean?

Deuteronomy 19:7 in the King James Version says “Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.

Deuteronomy 19:7 · KJV


Context

5

As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live: head: Heb. iron helve: Heb. wood lighteth: Heb. findeth

6

Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer , while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him; whereas he was not worthy of death, inasmuch as he hated him not in time past. slay: Heb. smite him in life in: Heb. from yesterday the third day

7

Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.

8

And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers;

9

If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee (עַל־כֵּן אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ לֵאמֹר שָׁלֹשׁ עָרִים תַּבְדִּיל לָךְ, al-ken anochi metzavvecha lemor shalosh arim tavdil lach)—badal (separate) means to set apart, consecrate for a specific purpose. These cities were holy in function, not in cultic sense—set apart to preserve innocent life.

The command for three cities (in Canaan proper; three more existed in Trans-Jordan, Numbers 35:14) ensured geographical accessibility. No Israelite should be more than 30 miles from refuge. Deuteronomy 19:3 commands making roads and dividing the land into districts to facilitate quick access. Talmudic tradition says signposts reading 'Refuge' marked the way. This practical infrastructure demonstrated God's concern that justice be accessible, not merely theoretical. Christ is our ultimate city of refuge—'God is our refuge and strength' (Psalm 46:1); we 'have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us' (Hebrews 6:18).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Joshua 20:7-8 identifies the six cities of refuge: Kedesh, Shechem, Hebron (western side); Bezer, Ramoth, Golan (eastern side). All were Levitical cities (Joshua 21), placing them under priestly oversight. Strategic placement ensured that anyone in Israel could reach refuge quickly. The system functioned throughout Israel's history and was still recognized in Jesus's time, though by then Roman law had superseded it.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the accessibility of the cities of refuge illustrate that God's mercy is readily available to all who flee to Him?
  2. In what ways is Christ our ultimate 'city of refuge' from the judgment we deserve?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
עַל1 of 9
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

כֵּ֛ן2 of 9
H3651

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner

אָֽנֹכִ֥י3 of 9
H595

i

מְצַוְּךָ֖4 of 9

Wherefore I command

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

לֵאמֹ֑ר5 of 9

thee saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

שָׁלֹ֥שׁ6 of 9

three

H7969

three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice

עָרִ֖ים7 of 9

cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

תַּבְדִּ֥יל8 of 9

Thou shalt separate

H914

to divide (in variation senses literally or figuratively, separate, distinguish, differ, select, etc.)

לָֽךְ׃9 of 9
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 19:7 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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