King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 28:13 Mean?

1 Samuel 28:13 in the King James Version says “And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out ... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth.

1 Samuel 28:13 · KJV


Context

11

Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he said, Bring me up Samuel.

12

And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice: and the woman spake to Saul, saying, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul.

13

And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth.

14

And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and bowed himself. What: Heb. What is his form?

15

And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do. by prophets: Heb. by the hand of prophets


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Saul's question about what the woman sees and her response create one of the most mysterious scenes in Scripture. Her description of 'gods ascending out of the earth' (Hebrew: 'elohim olim min-ha'aretz') uses the plural 'elohim,' which can mean gods, divine beings, or God. This ambiguous language may reflect her pagan framework for understanding what she sees. The apparition arising from the earth locates the dead in Sheol, the subterranean realm of Hebrew cosmology.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The term 'elohim' appears variously in Scripture referring to God, gods, angels, or supernatural beings generally. The woman's use of it here likely reflects Canaanite religious vocabulary rather than precise theological categories. Her perception was filtered through her pagan framework.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does our worldview shape how we interpret supernatural experiences?
  2. What does the ambiguity of this account suggest about human perception of divine activity?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
וַתֹּ֤אמֶר1 of 17

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לָ֥הּ2 of 17
H0
הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ3 of 17

And the king

H4428

a king

אַל4 of 17
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תִּֽירְאִ֖י5 of 17

unto her Be not afraid

H3372

to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten

כִּ֣י6 of 17
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

מָ֣ה7 of 17
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

רָאִ֖יתִי8 of 17

I saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר9 of 17

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

הָֽאִשָּׁה֙10 of 17

thou And the woman

H802

a woman

אֶל11 of 17
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

שָׁא֔וּל12 of 17

unto Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

אֱלֹהִ֥ים13 of 17

gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

רָאִ֖יתִי14 of 17

I saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

עֹלִ֥ים15 of 17

ascending

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

מִן16 of 17
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הָאָֽרֶץ׃17 of 17

out of the earth

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 28:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 28:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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