King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 22:4 Mean?

1 Samuel 22:4 in the King James Version says “And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold.

1 Samuel 22:4 · KJV


Context

2

And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented , gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men. was in debt: Heb. had a creditor discontented: Heb. bitter of soul

3

And David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab: and he said unto the king of Moab, Let my father and my mother, I pray thee, come forth, and be with you, till I know what God will do for me.

4

And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold.

5

And the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hareth.

6

When Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him, (now Saul abode in Gibeah under a tree in Ramah, having his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him;) tree: or, grove in a high place


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold.

The successful arrangement for David's parents indicates divine favor extending beyond Israel's borders. The Hebrew 'matsud' (hold/stronghold) refers to David's various wilderness refuges. That Jesse and his wife 'dwelt' (yashab—settled) with the Moabite king suggests a semi-permanent arrangement during David's fugitive years. This international protection of David's parents while he led an outlaw band demonstrates God's comprehensive care. The absence of further mention of David's parents in Samuel may indicate they died in Moab. David later showed harshness toward Moab (2 Samuel 8:2), possibly connected to unknown events involving his family.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The king of Moab's acceptance of David's parents may reflect anti-Saul sentiment, as Saul had fought against Moab (1 Samuel 14:47). Ancient Near Eastern hospitality customs protected those who sought refuge, especially those with kinship ties.

Reflection Questions

  1. How has God provided protection for your loved ones through unexpected sources?
  2. What does this international cooperation teach about God's sovereignty over all nations?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיַּנְחֵ֕ם1 of 12

And he brought

H5148

to guide; by implication, to transport (into exile, or as colonists)

אֶת2 of 12
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

פְּנֵ֖י3 of 12

them before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

מֶ֣לֶךְ4 of 12

the king

H4428

a king

מוֹאָ֑ב5 of 12

of Moab

H4124

moab, an incestuous son of lot; also his territory and descendants

וַיֵּֽשְׁב֣וּ6 of 12

and they dwelt

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

עִמּ֔וֹ7 of 12
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

כָּל8 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יְמֵ֥י9 of 12

with him all the while

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הֱיוֹת10 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

דָּוִ֖ד11 of 12

that David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

בַּמְּצוּדָֽה׃12 of 12

was in the hold

H4686

a fastness


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 22:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 22:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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