King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 22:16 Mean?

1 Samuel 22:16 in the King James Version says “And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and all thy father's house. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and all thy father's house.

1 Samuel 22:16 · KJV


Context

14

Then Ahimelech answered the king, and said, And who is so faithful among all thy servants as David, which is the king's son in law, and goeth at thy bidding, and is honourable in thine house?

15

Did I then begin to enquire of God for him? be it far from me: let not the king impute any thing unto his servant, nor to all the house of my father: for thy servant knew nothing of all this, less or more. less: Heb. little or great

16

And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and all thy father's house.

17

And the king said unto the footmen that stood about him, Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew when he fled, and did not shew it to me. But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD. footmen: or, guard: Heb. runners

18

And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and all thy father's house.

Saul's death sentence employs the emphatic Hebrew construction 'mot tamut' (dying you shall die), the formula used for capital crimes in the Torah. The extension to 'all thy father's house' reveals the scope of Saul's murderous intent—collective punishment for imagined collective guilt. This verdict against God's priests inverts Saul's earlier disobedience, where he spared those God commanded destroyed (the Amalekites) but now destroys those God commanded protected (the priests). The sentence fulfilled Eli's prophecy that his priestly line would be cut off (2:31-33), though through human wickedness rather than divine command. Saul had become an instrument of judgment while himself under judgment.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Family execution for treason was practiced in the ancient Near East, based on collective responsibility concepts. However, destroying an entire priestly family represented unprecedented sacrilege in Israel, violating the sacred status of those who ministered before the Lord.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Saul's destruction of priests contrast with his earlier sparing of Agag the Amalekite?
  2. What does this perversion of justice teach about the trajectory of rejecting God's authority?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר1 of 9

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ2 of 9

And the king

H4428

a king

תָּמ֖וּת3 of 9

Thou shalt surely

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

תָּמ֖וּת4 of 9

Thou shalt surely

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

אֲחִימֶ֑לֶךְ5 of 9

Ahimelech

H288

achimelek, the name of an israelite and of a hittite

אַתָּ֖ה6 of 9
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

וְכָל7 of 9
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

בֵּ֥ית8 of 9

house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

אָבִֽיךָ׃9 of 9

thou and all thy father's

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 22:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 22:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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