King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 20:28 Mean?

1 Samuel 20:28 in the King James Version says “And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem: — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:

1 Samuel 20:28 · KJV


Context

26

Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean.

27

And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day?

28

And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:

29

And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table.

30

Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness? Thou: or, Thou perverse rebel: Heb. Son of perverse rebellion


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem:

Jonathan delivered the prepared explanation: David had 'earnestly asked leave' for Bethlehem. The phrase 'earnestly asked' (nish'ol nish'al) intensifies the request, suggesting David's compelling need. Jonathan addressed his father while walking a dangerous line between truth and protection. His answer was literally accurate - David had indeed requested permission through Jonathan - while concealing the fuller purpose. Sometimes protecting the innocent requires careful speech that is true but not complete.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Permission requests through intermediaries were common court protocol. Jonathan as prince could grant leave to courtiers. The intensive verb form emphasized David's sincere desire for family religious observance.

Reflection Questions

  1. When is incomplete truth permissible to protect innocent life?
  2. What wisdom does Jonathan demonstrate in his careful response to Saul?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיַּ֥עַן1 of 11

answered

H6030

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

יְהֽוֹנָתָ֖ן2 of 11

And Jonathan

H3083

jehonathan, the name of four israelites

אֶת3 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שָׁא֑וּל4 of 11

Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

נִשְׁאַ֥ל5 of 11

asked

H7592

to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand

נִשְׁאַ֥ל6 of 11

asked

H7592

to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand

דָּוִ֛ד7 of 11

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

מֵֽעִמָּדִ֖י8 of 11

leave of me

H5978

along with

עַד9 of 11
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

בֵּ֥ית10 of 11
H0
לָֽחֶם׃11 of 11

to go to Bethlehem

H1035

beth-lechem, a place in palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 20:28 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 20:28 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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