King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 14:31 Mean?

1 Samuel 14:31 in the King James Version says “And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 14 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint.

1 Samuel 14:31 · KJV


Context

29

Then said Jonathan, My father hath troubled the land: see, I pray you, how mine eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey.

30

How much more, if haply the people had eaten freely to day of the spoil of their enemies which they found? for had there not been now a much greater slaughter among the Philistines?

31

And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint.

32

And the people flew upon the spoil, and took sheep, and oxen, and calves, and slew them on the ground: and the people did eat them with the blood.

33

Then they told Saul, saying, Behold, the people sin against the LORD, in that they eat with the blood. And he said, Ye have transgressed: roll a great stone unto me this day. transgressed: or, dealt treacherously


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint.

Despite their faint condition, the Israelites 'smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon.' The distance - approximately 15 miles of difficult terrain - demonstrates significant victory despite Saul's interference. However, at the end 'the people were very faint,' emphasizing again the cost of the oath. God grants victory despite poor leadership, but leadership failure exacts a price even in triumph. The troops are exhausted beyond normal battle fatigue.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Aijalon was in the Shephelah, the foothills leading to the coastal plain. This pursuit path took the Israelites from the central highlands down toward Philistine home territory. The distance indicates a major defeat, though not complete destruction of Philistine power.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God accomplish purposes despite leadership failures?
  2. What is the cost of victory when achieved under poor spiritual leadership?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וַיַּכּ֞וּ1 of 9

And they smote

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

בַּיּ֤וֹם2 of 9

that day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַהוּא֙3 of 9
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים4 of 9

the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

מִמִּכְמָ֖שׂ5 of 9

from Michmash

H4363

mikmas or mikmash, a place in palestine

אַיָּלֹ֑נָה6 of 9

to Aijalon

H357

ajalon, the name of five places in palestine

וַיָּ֥עַף7 of 9

faint

H5774

to fly; also (by implication of dimness) to faint (from the darkness of swooning)

הָעָ֖ם8 of 9

and the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

מְאֹֽד׃9 of 9

were very

H3966

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 14:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 14:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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