King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 10:1 Mean?

1 Kings 10:1 in the King James Version says “And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with har... — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions.

1 Kings 10:1 · KJV


Context

1

And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions.

2

And she came to Jerusalem with a very great train, with camels that bare spices, and very much gold, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart.

3

And Solomon told her all her questions: there was not any thing hid from the king, which he told her not. questions: Heb. words


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of queen of sheba and solomon's wealth, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How did Solomon's disobedience to God's clear commands lead to his downfall, and what warnings does this provide?
  2. What role do relationships and alliances play in either strengthening or compromising our faith?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וּמַֽלְכַּת1 of 11

And when the queen

H4436

a queen

שְׁבָ֗א2 of 11

of Sheba

H7614

sheba, the name of three early progenitors of tribes and of an ethiopian district

שֹׁמַ֛עַת3 of 11

heard

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

אֶת4 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שֵׁ֥מַע5 of 11

of the fame

H8088

something heard, i.e., a sound, rumor, announcement; abstractly, audience

שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה6 of 11

of Solomon

H8010

shelomah, david's successor

לְשֵׁ֣ם7 of 11

concerning the ~

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

יְהוָ֑ה8 of 11

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

וַתָּבֹ֥א9 of 11

she came

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

לְנַסֹּת֖וֹ10 of 11

to prove

H5254

to test; by implication, to attempt

בְּחִידֽוֹת׃11 of 11

him with hard questions

H2420

a puzzle, hence, a trick, conundrum, sententious maxim


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 10:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 10:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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