King James Version

What Does 1 Chronicles 18:3 Mean?

1 Chronicles 18:3 in the King James Version says “And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates. Hadarez...” — study this verse from 1 Chronicles chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates. Hadarezer: or, Hadadezer”

1 Chronicles 18:3 · KJV

Context

1

Now after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them, and took Gath and her towns out of the hand of the Philistines.

2

And he smote Moab; and the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts.

3

And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates. Hadarezer: or, Hadadezer

4

And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen : David also houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them an hundred chariots. seven: or, seven hundred

5

And when the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadarezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men. Damascus: Heb. Darmesek

Read 1 Chronicles 18 full chapter

Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Theological Analysis: This passage falls within the section on David's military victories - kingdom expansion. The Hebrew term יְשׁוּעָה (yeshuah) - salvation/victory is theologically significant here, pointing to God gives victory to His anointed. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, Levitical service, and covenant faithfulness.

Chronicles presents David not primarily as warrior-king but as worship organizer and temple planner. This verse contributes to that portrait by highlighting the spiritual dimensions of Israel's national life. The text demonstrates that true prosperity comes through proper worship and covenant obedience rather than merely military or political success.

Doctrinally, this passage teaches about God gives victory to His anointed. Cross-references throughout Chronicles connect David's reign to the broader redemptive narrative, showing how God's covenant promises advance through faithful human leadership while ultimately depending on divine grace and power. The messianic implications are profound: Christ's victory over sin, death, and Satan.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Historical Background: This section describes events from David's reign (c. 1010-970 BCE) but was written centuries later during the Persian period (c. 450-400 BCE). The Chronicler's selectivity in retelling David's story serves his theological purposes—he omits David's sins (Bathsheba, Absalom's rebellion) while emphasizing David's worship reforms and temple preparations.

The historical setting of David's military victories - kingdom expansion occurred during Israel's united monarchy, when the nation reached its territorial and political zenith. Archaeological evidence from this period shows significant building projects and administrative development. However, the Chronicler writes for a much smaller, struggling post-exilic community, using David's golden age to inspire hope for restoration.

Ancient Near Eastern parallels show that temple construction and royal sponsorship of worship were common across cultures. However, Israel's understanding of worship centered on covenant relationship with the one true God rather than manipulation of capricious deities. This theological distinctiveness shapes the Chronicler's presentation.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse's emphasis on God gives victory to His anointed challenge or affirm your current spiritual priorities and practices?
  2. What does Christ's victory over sin, death, and Satan teach you about Jesus Christ and His redemptive work?
  3. In what practical ways can you apply the principles of covenant faithfulness and proper worship demonstrated in this passage?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיַּ֥ךְ1 of 12

“smote”

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

דָּוִ֛יד2 of 12

“And David”

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

אֶת3 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר4 of 12

“Hadarezer”

H1928

hadarezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title

מֶֽלֶךְ5 of 12

“king”

H4428

a king

צוֹבָ֖ה6 of 12

“of Zobah”

H6678

zoba or zobah, a region of syria

חֲמָ֑תָה7 of 12

“unto Hamath”

H2574

chamath, a place in syria

בְּלֶכְתּ֕וֹ8 of 12
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

לְהַצִּ֥יב9 of 12

“to stablish”

H5324

to station, in various applications (literally or figuratively)

יָד֖וֹ10 of 12

“his dominion”

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

בִּֽנְהַר11 of 12

“by the river”

H5104

a stream (including the sea; expectation the nile, euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity

פְּרָֽת׃12 of 12

“Euphrates”

H6578

perath (i.e., euphrates), a river of the east

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Chronicles. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Chronicles 18:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Chronicles 18:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

2 Samuel 8:3Psalms 60:12 Samuel 10:6Exodus 23:31Genesis 15:181 Samuel 14:47

Places in This Verse

EuphratesRiver · Modern: Euphrates River · 31.00°N, 47.44°E44 verses across 16 books
Hamath-zobahSettlement · Modern: Hama · 35.14°N, 36.75°E2 verses across 2 books
View all places in 1 Chronicles 18 →

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