About Esther

Esther shows God's providence in protecting His people through a Jewish queen, though His name is never mentioned.

Author: UnknownWritten: c. 470-424 BCReading time: ~2 minVerses: 17
ProvidenceCourageDeliveranceIdentityReversalFaithfulness

King James Version

Esther 8

17 verses with commentary

The King's Edict in Behalf of the Jews

On that day did the king Ahasuerus give the house of Haman the Jews' enemy unto Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king; for Esther had told what he was unto her.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>On that day did the king Ahasuerus give the house of Haman the Jews' enemy unto Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king; for Esther had told what he was unto her.</strong> Following Haman's execution, the king immediately transferred Haman's estate to Esther and summoned Mordecai. The designation "Haman the Jews' enemy" emphasizes the conflict's ethnic-religious nature. Transfe...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

VIII. (1) **Did** **. . .** **give the house of Haman.**—Confiscation of goods necessarily followed on a sentence of death in the East. So, with ourselves, a convicted felon’s property is forfeited to the Crown.

And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it unto Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it unto Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.</strong> The king transferred his signet ring—symbol of authority—from Haman to Mordecai, effectively making Mordecai second-in-command. Esther appointed Mordecai administrator of Haman's confiscated estate. This double elevation reversed the power stru...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Took off his ring . . . and gave it unto Mordecai.**—Constituting him thereby his Vizier, who would thus authenticate a royal decree, and by having, as it were, *carte blanche* given him for the time, would for that time save his master all further trouble. Mordecai’s position had now become what Daniel’s had been to Darius, that nobler servant to a worthier lord (see Daniel 6:2, 38). He was...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 5 Ne 5:1-5. The People Complain of Their Debt, Mortgage, and Bondage. **1-5. there was a great cry of the people ... against their brethren--**Such a crisis in the condition of the Jews in Jerusalem--fatigued with hard labor and harassed by the machinations of restless enemies, the majority of them poor, and the bright visions which hope had painted of pure happiness on their return to th...
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And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews. and besought: Heb. and she wept, and besought him

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews.</strong> Despite Haman's execution and Mordecai's elevation, the core crisis remained—the immutable decree. Esther returned to the king, this time prostrate and weeping, begging him to "put awa...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Besought him . . . to put away the mischief.**—Esther’s work was as yet only half done. She has seen the condemnation of the foe of her race, and the exaltation of her kinsman to his office. But the royal edict sent out against the Jews still remains valid, and being a written decree, sealed with the king’s seal, is supposed to be beyond the possibility of alteration. It was not, therefore, ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 5 Ne 5:1-5. The People Complain of Their Debt, Mortgage, and Bondage. **1-5. there was a great cry of the people ... against their brethren--**Such a crisis in the condition of the Jews in Jerusalem--fatigued with hard labor and harassed by the machinations of restless enemies, the majority of them poor, and the bright visions which hope had painted of pure happiness on their return to th...
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Then the king held out the golden sceptre toward Esther. So Esther arose, and stood before the king,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then the king held out the golden sceptre toward Esther. So Esther arose, and stood before the king.</strong> This verse parallels Esther's earlier audience (5:2), where the king extended the golden scepter (<em>sharbit hazahav</em>, שַׁרְבִיט הַזָּהָב) granting her permission to approach and speak. The scepter symbolized royal authority and grace—to withhold it meant death (4:11). The kin...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **The king held out the golden sceptre.**—See Note on Esther 4:11.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 5 Ne 5:1-5. The People Complain of Their Debt, Mortgage, and Bondage. **1-5. there was a great cry of the people ... against their brethren--**Such a crisis in the condition of the Jews in Jerusalem--fatigued with hard labor and harassed by the machinations of restless enemies, the majority of them poor, and the bright visions which hope had painted of pure happiness on their return to th...
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And said, If it please the king, and if I have found favour in his sight, and the thing seem right before the king, and I be pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to reverse the letters devised by Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to destroy the Jews which are in all the king's provinces: devised: Heb. the device which he: or, who wrote

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And said, If it please the king, and if I have found favour in his sight, and the thing seem right before the king, and I be pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to reverse the letters devised by Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to destroy the Jews which are in all the king's provinces:</strong> Esther's carefully crafted appeal piles up conditions—"if it please t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **To reverse.**—Rather, *to bring back, to recall.* Esther shows considerable skill in wording her request. She avoids speaking of the *king’s* letters, but calls them “the letters, the device of *Haman,* which *he* wrote.” It is the king, however, to whom the injury is done—“to destroy the Jews which are in all the king’s provinces.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 5 Ne 5:1-5. The People Complain of Their Debt, Mortgage, and Bondage. **1-5. there was a great cry of the people ... against their brethren--**Such a crisis in the condition of the Jews in Jerusalem--fatigued with hard labor and harassed by the machinations of restless enemies, the majority of them poor, and the bright visions which hope had painted of pure happiness on their return to th...
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For how can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people? or how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred? endure: Heb. be able that I may see

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For how can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people? or how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred?</strong> Esther's appeal becomes personally emotional: "how can I endure" (literally "how am I able") to witness her people's destruction? The parallel phrases—"evil that shall come unto my people" and "destruction of my kindred"—emphasize both communal and familia...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 5 Ne 5:1-5. The People Complain of Their Debt, Mortgage, and Bondage. **1-5. there was a great cry of the people ... against their brethren--**Such a crisis in the condition of the Jews in Jerusalem--fatigued with hard labor and harassed by the machinations of restless enemies, the majority of them poor, and the bright visions which hope had painted of pure happiness on their return to th...
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Then the king Ahasuerus said unto Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew, Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and him they have hanged upon the gallows, because he laid his hand upon the Jews.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then the king Ahasuerus said unto Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew, Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and him they have hanged upon the gallows, because he laid his hand upon the Jews.</strong> The king's response reminded Esther and Mordecai of actions already taken: Haman's execution and property confiscation. The phrase "because he laid his hand upon the Jews" sugg...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ne 5:6-19. The Usurers Rebuked. **6-12. I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words--**When such disorders came to the knowledge of the governor, his honest indignation was roused against the perpetrators of the evil. Having summoned a public assembly, he denounced their conduct in terms of just severity. He contrasted it with his own in redeeming with his money some of the Jewish exi...
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Write ye also for the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring: for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Write ye also for the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring: for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.</strong> The king authorized Mordecai and Esther to write whatever decree they deemed necessary "for the Jews," seal it with the king's ring, and issue it with full royal authority. The ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Write ye. . . .**—Esther’s device is seen through, and the king shrinks from taking so decisive a step as the revocation of a decree once issued. Such a writing “may no man reverse.” Still he will do what he can. It may be possible to meet the difficulty, and save the Jews, without actual reversal of the decree. The king then refers to the proofs of his goodwill, as shown by hanging Haman fo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ne 5:6-19. The Usurers Rebuked. **6-12. I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words--**When such disorders came to the knowledge of the governor, his honest indignation was roused against the perpetrators of the evil. Having summoned a public assembly, he denounced their conduct in terms of just severity. He contrasted it with his own in redeeming with his money some of the Jewish exi...
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Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the w...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **The month Sivan.**—This name also occurs in Baruch 1:8. Sivan began with the new moon in May. Rather more than two months had thus passed since the first edict had been sent out. **Lieutenants.**—Satraps. (See Note on Esther 3:12.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ne 5:6-19. The Usurers Rebuked. **6-12. I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words--**When such disorders came to the knowledge of the governor, his honest indignation was roused against the perpetrators of the evil. Having summoned a public assembly, he denounced their conduct in terms of just severity. He contrasted it with his own in redeeming with his money some of the Jewish exi...
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And he wrote in the king Ahasuerus' name, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, and riders on mules, camels, and young dromedaries:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he wrote in the king Ahasuerus' name, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, and riders on mules, camels, and young dromedaries:</strong> The decree went forth with full royal authority (king's name and ring) via the fastest courier system available. The detailed list of animals—horses, mules, camels, young dromedaries—emphasizes the urgency and spe...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Posts.**—The posts. *Literally, the runners.* (See Note on Esther 1:22.) **Riders on mules.**—Rather, *on horses of great speed;* the “swift beast “of Micah 1:13. **Camels, and young dromedaries.**—The words thus translated occur only here, and there is much doubt as to the meaning. It may suffice to mention two renderings :—(1) “Mules, the offspring of royal mares “—so Gesenius; or (2) we ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ne 5:6-19. The Usurers Rebuked. **6-12. I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words--**When such disorders came to the knowledge of the governor, his honest indignation was roused against the perpetrators of the evil. Having summoned a public assembly, he denounced their conduct in terms of just severity. He contrasted it with his own in redeeming with his money some of the Jewish exi...
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Wherein the king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Wherein the king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,</strong><br><br>This decree reverses Haman's genocidal edict (Esther 3:13) by granting Persi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **To stand for their** **life.**—It will be noticed that, so far at any rate as the edict authorises, the Jews are not permitted to take the initiative, but merely to stand on the defensive. As it was, it was risking civil war in all the cities of the empire, though the results were considerably lessened by numbers of people taking the hint obviously presented by the second edict. “Many of th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ne 5:6-19. The Usurers Rebuked. **6-12. I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words--**When such disorders came to the knowledge of the governor, his honest indignation was roused against the perpetrators of the evil. Having summoned a public assembly, he denounced their conduct in terms of just severity. He contrasted it with his own in redeeming with his money some of the Jewish exi...
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Upon one day in all the provinces of king Ahasuerus, namely, upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Upon one day in all the provinces of king Ahasuerus, namely, upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.</strong> The new decree sets the exact same date Haman had chosen for destroying the Jews (3:13)—the thirteenth of Adar (<em>shloshah asar lechodes sheneim asar hu-chodesh Adar</em>, שְׁלוֹשָׁה עָשָׂר לְחֹדֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר הוּא־חֹדֶשׁ אֲדָר). This identical ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ne 5:6-19. The Usurers Rebuked. **6-12. I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words--**When such disorders came to the knowledge of the governor, his honest indignation was roused against the perpetrators of the evil. Having summoned a public assembly, he denounced their conduct in terms of just severity. He contrasted it with his own in redeeming with his money some of the Jewish exi...
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The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies. published: Heb. revealed

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.</strong> The phrase "published unto all people" (<em>galui l'khol-ha'amim</em>, גָּלוּי לְכָל־הָעַמִּים) indicates comprehensive public proclamation, ensuring that everyone—Jews and potential enemies...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **To avenge themselves on their enemies.**—The Hebrew word used here “does not necessarily signify a violent emotion of a resentful spirit, but a steady resolve to defend the right; it is used of the Almighty Himself, rescuing the oppressed, defending the right, and punishing the assailant and the oppressor” (Wordsworth).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ne 5:6-19. The Usurers Rebuked. **6-12. I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words--**When such disorders came to the knowledge of the governor, his honest indignation was roused against the perpetrators of the evil. Having summoned a public assembly, he denounced their conduct in terms of just severity. He contrasted it with his own in redeeming with his money some of the Jewish exi...
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So the posts that rode upon mules and camels went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment. And the decree was given at Shushan the palace.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So the posts that rode upon mules and camels went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment. And the decree was given at Shushan the palace.</strong> The phrase "posts that rode upon mules and camels" (<em>haratzim rokhevei harekesh ha'achashteranim</em>, הָרָצִים רֹכְבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ הָאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִים) describes the Persian imperial postal system using swift riding animals...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Mules and camels.**—See above on Esther 8:10. **Being hastened.**—Why this haste, seeing there yet remained nearly nine months (wanting ten days) before the first edict would come into play? There may probably have been fears lest the first edict, which indicated a distinct animus of the Court against the Jews, might have been interpreted freely, according to the spirit of it, and the date ...
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And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad. blue: or, violet

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.</strong> Mordecai's public appearance in royal robes and crown demonstrated his new status as second-in-command. The colors—blue, white, and purple—were royal Persian colors (Esthe...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Blue and white.**—See Note on Esther 1:6. **Crown.**—This is a different word from that previously used of a “royal crown” (Esther 6:8). **Garment.**—The inner robe or tunic. That of the king was of purple striped with white. **Linen.**—White linen. **The** **city of Shushan rejoiced.**—The tide of royal favour had changed, and the people of Shushan were evidently not very different from th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. Moreover from the time that I was appointed ... I and my brethren have not eaten the bread of the governor--**We have a remarkable proof both of the opulence and the disinterestedness of Nehemiah. As he declined, on conscientious grounds, to accept the lawful emoluments attached to his government, and yet maintained a style of princely hospitality for twelve years out of his own resources, i...
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The Jews had light, and gladness, and joy, and honour.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The Jews had light, and gladness, and joy, and honour.</strong> This summary statement describes Jewish response throughout the empire: "light" (illumination after darkness, understanding after confusion), "gladness" (relief, happiness), "joy" (celebration, delight), and "honour" (dignity, respect replacing threatened humiliation). The fourfold description emphasizes the completeness of re...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. the former governors ... had taken ... bread and wine, besides forty shekels of silver--**The income of Eastern governors is paid partly in produce, partly in money. "Bread" means all sorts of provision. The forty shekels of silver per day would amount to a yearly salary of £1800 sterling.

And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. And many of the people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell upon them.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. And many of the people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell upon them.</strong> The response to the counter-decree was universal celebration—feasting and joy in every Jewish community. The remarkable addition: "many of ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Became Jews.**—That is, embraced their religion as proselytes. **Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission. **Bible Hub

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