About Esther

Esther shows God's providence in protecting His people through a Jewish queen, though His name is never mentioned.

Author: UnknownWritten: c. 470-424 BCReading time: ~2 minVerses: 14
ProvidenceCourageDeliveranceIdentityReversalFaithfulness

King James Version

Esther 5

14 verses with commentary

Esther's First Banquet

Now it came to pass on the third day, that Esther put on her royal apparel, and stood in the inner court of the king's house, over against the king's house: and the king sat upon his royal throne in the royal house, over against the gate of the house.

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KJV Study Commentary

Esther's approach to the king 'on the third day' wearing royal robes demonstrates both courage and wisdom. Approaching the king unsummoned risked death (4:11); that she did so after three days of fasting (4:16) indicates she sought divine favor before human. The 'third day' echoes biblical patterns of deliverance (Genesis 22:4, Exodus 19:11, Jonah 1:17, and supremely, Christ's resurrection). Esthe...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

V. (1) **The third day.**—That is, of the fast. (See above, Esther 4:16.) **Royal apparel.**—Literally, *royalty.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**19. at the turning of the wall--**that is, the wall across the Tyropoeon, being a continuation of the first wall, connecting Mount Zion with the temple wall [Barclay].

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 5 Chapter Outline The Jews complain of grievances.(1-5) Nehemiah redresses the grievances.(6-13) Nehemiah's forbearance.(14-19) **Verses 1-5** Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppresse...
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And it was so, when the king saw Esther the queen standing in the court, that she obtained favour in his sight: and the king held out to Esther the golden sceptre that was in his hand. So Esther drew near, and touched the top of the sceptre.

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KJV Study Commentary

Esther's approach: <strong>'And it was so, when the king saw Esther the queen standing in the court, that she obtained favour in his sight: and the king held out to Esther the golden sceptre that was in his hand. So Esther drew near, and touched the top of the sceptre'</strong>. Esther's unbidden approach to the king risked death (Esther 4:11), yet she found favor and the king extended his scepter...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 5 Chapter Outline The Jews complain of grievances.(1-5) Nehemiah redresses the grievances.(6-13) Nehemiah's forbearance.(14-19) **Verses 1-5** Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppresse...
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Then said the king unto her, What wilt thou, queen Esther? and what is thy request? it shall be even given thee to the half of the kingdom.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said the king unto her, What wilt thou, queen Esther? and what is thy request? it shall be even given thee to the half of the kingdom.</strong> After extending the scepter (v. 2), Ahasuerus offered Esther up to "half of the kingdom"—a hyperbolic expression of generous willingness to grant her request. This phrase appears three times in Esther (5:3, 6; 7:2), creating narrative tension:...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **To the half of the kingdom.**—This tremendous offer occurs in further promises of Ahasuerus (Esther 5:6; Esther 7:2). The same reckless promise is made by Herod Antipas to the daughter of Herodias (Mark 6:23).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 5 Chapter Outline The Jews complain of grievances.(1-5) Nehemiah redresses the grievances.(6-13) Nehemiah's forbearance.(14-19) **Verses 1-5** Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppresse...
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And Esther answered, If it seem good unto the king, let the king and Haman come this day unto the banquet that I have prepared for him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Esther answered, If it seem good unto the king, let the king and Haman come this day unto the banquet that I have prepared for him.</strong> Instead of immediately revealing her request, Esther invited the king and Haman to a banquet. This strategic delay served multiple purposes: it maintained suspense and royal interest; it created intimate setting for her eventual disclosure; it inc...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Let the king and Haman come this day unto the banquet.**—It was natural enough that, with so much depending on her request, the queen should show some hesitation: if anything took an untoward turn (for, in spite of the king’s promise, she evidently felt uneasy) it might mean total ruin. She therefore temporises; she at any rate gains time, she secures a specially favourable opportunity for b...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 5 Chapter Outline The Jews complain of grievances.(1-5) Nehemiah redresses the grievances.(6-13) Nehemiah's forbearance.(14-19) **Verses 1-5** Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppresse...
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Then the king said, Cause Haman to make haste, that he may do as Esther hath said. So the king and Haman came to the banquet that Esther had prepared.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then the king said, Cause Haman to make haste, that he may do as Esther hath said. So the king and Haman came to the banquet that Esther had prepared.</strong> The king immediately commanded Haman's presence, and both attended Esther's banquet. The phrase "cause Haman to make haste" shows royal eagerness to please Esther. Haman's prompt obedience secured his presence at the venue where he ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 5 Chapter Outline The Jews complain of grievances.(1-5) Nehemiah redresses the grievances.(6-13) Nehemiah's forbearance.(14-19) **Verses 1-5** Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppresse...
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And the king said unto Esther at the banquet of wine, What is thy petition? and it shall be granted thee: and what is thy request? even to the half of the kingdom it shall be performed.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the king said unto Esther at the banquet of wine, What is thy petition? and it shall be granted thee: and what is thy request? even to the half of the kingdom it shall be performed.</strong> During the wine course, the king repeated his generous offer, again promising "half of the kingdom." The second asking (after v. 3) increased pressure for Esther to reveal her request. Yet she cont...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **The banquet of wine.**—The continuation of the banquet of Esther 5:5 : the dessert, so to speak.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-13** Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the world...
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Then answered Esther, and said, My petition and my request is;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then answered Esther, and said, My petition and my request is:</strong> Esther began to answer the king's question about her request (v. 6), but this verse only introduces her response—the actual content comes in v. 8. The incomplete sentence creates suspense, holding the revelation for another verse. This narrative technique builds tension while demonstrating Esther's continued strategic ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25. the tower which lieth out from the king's high house--**that is, watchtower by the royal palace [Barclay].

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-13** Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the world...
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If I have found favour in the sight of the king, and if it please the king to grant my petition, and to perform my request, let the king and Haman come to the banquet that I shall prepare for them, and I will do to morrow as the king hath said. perform: Heb. do

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>If I have found favour in the sight of the king, and if it please the king to grant my petition, and to perform my request, let the king and Haman come to the banquet that I shall prepare for them, and I will do tomorrow as the king hath said.</strong> Esther delayed again, inviting the king and Haman to a second banquet "tomorrow" where she would finally reveal her request. The conditiona...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26. the Nethinims--**Not only the priests and the Levites, but the common persons that belonged to the house of God, contributed to the work. The names of those who repaired the walls of Jerusalem are commemorated because it was a work of piety and patriotism to repair the holy city. It was an instance of religion and courage to defend the true worshippers of God, that they might serve Him in qu...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-13** Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the world...
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Haman's Rage Against Mordecai

Then went Haman forth that day joyful and with a glad heart: but when Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai.

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KJV Study Commentary

The narrative captures Haman's emotional volatility: 'Then went Haman forth that day joyful and with a glad heart: but when Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai.' Despite being honored by the queen's exclusive invitation, one man's refusal to bow shattered Haman's joy (Hebrew: 'male Haman hemah,' Haman was fille...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **He stood not up.**—In Esther 3:2 we saw that Mordecai refused to bow or prostrate himself to Haman, here he refuses even the slightest sign of respect. The honourable independence of the former case here becomes indefensible rudeness.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-13** Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the world...
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Nevertheless Haman refrained himself: and when he came home, he sent and called for his friends, and Zeresh his wife. called: Heb. caused to come

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Nevertheless Haman refrained himself: and when he came home, he sent and called for his friends, and Zeresh his wife.</strong> Despite his rage at Mordecai (v. 9), Haman "refrained himself" from immediate violence, maintaining public composure until reaching home. Once there, he summoned friends and wife Zeresh to share his grievance and seek counsel. This gathering will produce the disast...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Zeresh.**—A name probably derived from an old Persian word for “gold.” According to the Targum she was the daughter of Tatnai, “the governour on this side the river,” *i.e.,* of that part of the Persian Empire which lay beyond the Euphrates ( Ezra 5:3).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-13** Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the world...
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And Haman told them of the glory of his riches, and the multitude of his children, and all the things wherein the king had promoted him, and how he had advanced him above the princes and servants of the king.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Haman told them of the glory of his riches, and the multitude of his children, and all the things wherein the king had promoted him, and how he had advanced him above the princes and servants of the king.</strong> Before revealing his grievance about Mordecai, Haman catalogued his advantages to his wife and friends. The narrative parallels verse 5:11 with slightly different wording, em...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Told them** **. . .**—As all this was of necessity sufficiently well known to his hearers, this was simply a piece of vain-glorious boasting, the pride that “goeth before destruction.” **The multitude of his children.**—He had ten sons (Esther 9:10).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-13** Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the world...
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Haman said moreover, Yea, Esther the queen did let no man come in with the king unto the banquet that she had prepared but myself; and to morrow am I invited unto her also with the king.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Haman said moreover, Yea, Esther the queen did let no man come in with the king unto the banquet that she had prepared but myself; and to morrow am I invited unto her also with the king.</strong> Haman added that he alone (besides the king) attended Esther's exclusive banquet, and was invited again tomorrow. The phrase "no man...but myself" emphasizes the singular honor. Haman viewed this ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-13** Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the world...
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Yet all this availeth me nothing, so long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Haman told them of the glory of his riches, and the multitude of his children, and all the things wherein the king had promoted him, and how he had advanced him above the princes and servants of the king.</strong> Before revealing his grievance, Haman catalogued his blessings: wealth, many children (sign of blessing in ancient cultures), royal promotion, and elevation above all other o...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Availeth me nothing.**—Better, *suiteth, contenteth me not.*

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-13** Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the world...
Read full commentary →

Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him, Let a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and to morrow speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon: then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet. And the thing pleased Haman; and he caused the gallows to be made. gallows: Heb. tree

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him, Let a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and to morrow speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon: then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet. And the thing pleased Haman; and he caused the gallows to be made.</strong> Zeresh and Haman's friends proposed building a gallows 50 cubits (approximately 75 f...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Gallows.**—Literally, *tree;* the Hebrew word, as well as the corresponding Greek word used by the LXX., standing both for the living tree and the artificial structure. Doubtless the punishment intended for Mordecai was crucifixion, for hanging, in the common sense of the term, does not seem to have been in use among the Persians. The same Hebrew word occurring above (Esther 2:23) is render...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 14-19** Those who truly fear God, will not dare to do any thing cruel or unjust. Let all who are in public places remember that they are so placed to do good, not to enrich themselves. Nehemiah mentions it to God in prayer, not as if he had merited any favour from God, but to show that he depended upon God only, to make up to him what he had lost and laid out for his honour. Nehemiah ...
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