King James Version

What Does Romans 4:13 Mean?

Romans 4:13 in the King James Version says “For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but throu... — study this verse from Romans chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

Romans 4:13 · KJV


Context

11

And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:

12

And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.

13

For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

14

For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect:

15

Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith. Paul expands the scope: the promise (hē epaggelia, ἡ ἐπαγγελία) was not merely Canaan but cosmic—klēronomon autou einai kosmou (κληρονόμον αὐτὸν εἶναι κόσμου, "for him to be heir of the world"). This reaches beyond Genesis to God's ultimate purpose: Abraham's seed inheriting creation itself. Paul sees in the Abrahamic covenant the seeds of new creation, fulfilled in Christ and His people (cf. Matt 5:5, Rev 21:1-7).

The means of inheritance is critical: ou dia nomou (οὐ διὰ νόμου, "not through law") but dia dikaiosynēs pisteōs (διὰ δικαιοσύνης πίστεως, "through righteousness of faith"). The law came 430 years after the Abrahamic covenant (Gal 3:17), making Torah observance anachronistic as a condition for the promise. The genitive "righteousness of faith" is epexegetical—righteousness which consists in or comes through faith. God's promise to Abraham was unconditional, received by faith, ratified by oath—a unilateral covenant of grace that could not be nullified by later stipulations.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Second Temple Judaism viewed Torah as the means by which Abraham's children maintained covenant relationship and secured the promised inheritance. Paul's claim that the promise came 'not through law' but through faith challenges the entire structure of covenantal nomism. The 'world' as inheritance likely references both the land promise and Jewish eschatological hopes of Israel ruling the nations in the age to come—now universalized in Christ.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Paul move from the promise of land (Canaan) to the promise of the world, and what does this say about God's cosmic purposes?
  2. Why is it essential that the Abrahamic promise predate the Mosaic law, and what implications does this have for Torah's role?
  3. In what ways do Christians try to earn or maintain their inheritance through law-keeping rather than trusting God's promise?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 22 words
Οὐ1 of 22

was not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

γὰρ2 of 22

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

διὰ3 of 22

through

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

νόμου4 of 22

the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

5 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐπαγγελία6 of 22

the promise

G1860

an announcement (for information, assent or pledge; especially a divine assurance of good)

τῷ7 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἀβραὰμ8 of 22

to Abraham

G11

abraham, the hebrew patriarch

9 of 22

or

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

τῷ10 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σπέρματι11 of 22

seed

G4690

something sown, i.e., seed (including the male "sperm"); by implication, offspring; specially, a remnant (figuratively, as if kept over for planting)

αὐτὸν12 of 22

to his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τὸ13 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κληρονόμον14 of 22

the heir

G2818

a sharer by lot, i.e., inheritor (literally or figuratively); by implication, a possessor

αὐτὸν15 of 22

to his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

εἶναι16 of 22

that he should be

G1511

to exist

τοῦ17 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κόσμου18 of 22

of the world

G2889

orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))

ἀλλὰ19 of 22

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

διὰ20 of 22

through

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

δικαιοσύνης21 of 22

the righteousness

G1343

equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification

πίστεως22 of 22

of faith

G4102

persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 4:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 4:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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