King James Version

What Does Romans 3:23 Mean?

Romans 3:23 in the King James Version says “For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; — study this verse from Romans chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;

Romans 3:23 · KJV


Context

21

But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets;

22

Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference:

23

For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;

24

Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus:

25

Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God; set forth: or, foreordained remission: or, passing over


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God. The most famous verse in Paul's theodicy: pantes gar hēmarton kai hysterountai tēs doxēs tou theou (πάντες γὰρ ἥμαρτον καὶ ὑστεροῦνται τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ, "for all sinned and fall short of the glory of God"). Hamartanō (ἁμαρτάνω, "to sin")—aorist tense, likely referring to Adam's sin in which all sinned (5:12) as well as personal sins.

Hysterountai (ὑστεροῦνται, "fall short")—present tense: continuously lacking. Tēs doxēs tou theou (τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ, "the glory of God") is the divine image, the reflected glory humanity was created to bear (Genesis 1:26-27). We were made as glory-bearers but have become glory-deficients. Every human, without exception, fails to reflect God's character and fulfill our created purpose. This explains "no distinction" (v. 22)—all are equal in their failure.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish theology emphasized that Israel possessed God's glory (shekinah) through the temple and Torah. Paul's declaration that Jews also lack God's glory was shocking. The glory departed (Ezekiel 10), and only Messiah can restore it (2 Corinthians 3:18, 4:6).

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you "fall short of God's glory" in ways beyond mere moral failure—failing to reflect His image?
  2. Why is the universal fact of sin (all have sinned) essential to the universal offer of grace?
  3. What would it mean to live as a glory-bearer restored through Christ's righteousness?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 9 words
πάντες1 of 9

all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

γὰρ2 of 9

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

ἥμαρτον3 of 9

have sinned

G264

properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e., (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin

καὶ4 of 9

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ὑστεροῦνται5 of 9

come short

G5302

to be later, i.e., (by implication) to be inferior; generally, to fall short (be deficient)

τῆς6 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δόξης7 of 9

of the glory

G1391

glory (as very apparent), in a wide application (literal or figurative, objective or subjective)

τοῦ8 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θεοῦ9 of 9

of God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 3:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 3:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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