King James Version

What Does Romans 11:28 Mean?

Romans 11:28 in the King James Version says “As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes : but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathe... — study this verse from Romans chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes : but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sakes.

Romans 11:28 · KJV


Context

26

And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:

27

For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins.

28

As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes : but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sakes.

29

For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.

30

For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief: believed: or, obeyed


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakeskata men to euangelion echthroi di hymas (κατὰ μὲν τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἐχθροὶ δι᾽ ὑμᾶς). With regard to the gospel, Israel is currently in enmity (echthroi, ἐχθροὶ)—not God's enemies, but enemies of the gospel, opposing it. This enmity serves a purpose: for your sakes (Gentile inclusion, as argued in vv. 11-12). Yet Paul immediately contrasts: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sakes (kata de tēn eklogēn agapētoi dia tous pateras, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐκλογὴν ἀγαπητοὶ διὰ τοὺς πατέρας).

This is the paradox: Israel is simultaneously enemy (functionally, in unbelief) and beloved (covenantally, in election). The basis of their beloved status is dia tous pateras (διὰ τοὺς πατέρας, "because of the fathers")—God's promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. God's love for the patriarchs extends to their descendants. Israel's election is irrevocable, even when they oppose the gospel. This dual status—enemy yet beloved—is the mystery of God's dealings with Israel.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First-century Israel largely rejected the gospel, yet Paul insists they remain 'beloved' due to election. This tension persists: Jewish opposition to Christianity coexists with God's covenant love. Paul holds both truths without resolving the tension prematurely (v. 33 acknowledges mystery).

Reflection Questions

  1. How can Israel be simultaneously 'enemies' concerning the gospel and 'beloved' concerning election?
  2. What does it mean that God's love for Israel is 'for the fathers' sakes'—how do the patriarchs' promises apply today?
  3. How should this dual status shape Christian attitudes toward Jewish people who reject Jesus?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
κατὰ1 of 15

As concerning

G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

μὲν2 of 15
G3303

properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)

τὸ3 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

εὐαγγέλιον4 of 15

the gospel

G2098

a good message, i.e., the gospel

ἐχθροὶ5 of 15

they are enemies

G2190

hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)

διὰ6 of 15

for

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

ὑμᾶς7 of 15
G5209

you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)

κατὰ8 of 15

As concerning

G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

δὲ9 of 15

but

G1161

but, and, etc

τὴν10 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐκλογὴν11 of 15

the election

G1589

(divine) selection (abstractly or concretely)

ἀγαπητοὶ12 of 15

they are beloved

G27

beloved

διὰ13 of 15

for

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

τοὺς14 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πατέρας·15 of 15

the fathers

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 11:28 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 11:28 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study