King James Version

What Does Romans 1:14 Mean?

Romans 1:14 in the King James Version says “I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise. — study this verse from Romans chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise.

Romans 1:14 · KJV


Context

12

That is, that I may be comforted together with you by the mutual faith both of you and me. with: or, in

13

Now I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that oftentimes I purposed to come unto you, (but was let hitherto ,) that I might have some fruit among you also, even as among other Gentiles. among: or, in

14

I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise.

15

So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the gospel to you that are at Rome also.

16

For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise.

Paul's sense of mission is framed as obligation: Hellēsin te kai barbarois, sophois te kai anoētois opheiletēs eimi (Ἕλλησίν τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις ὀφειλέτης εἰμί, 'both to Greeks and barbarians, both to wise and foolish, I am debtor'). Opheiletēs (ὀφειλέτης, debtor/one who owes) indicates that Paul's apostleship created obligation. Having freely received the gospel, he owed it to others (1 Corinthians 9:16: 'Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel!').

The pairs Hellēsin/barbarois (Greeks/barbarians) and sophois/anoētois (wise/foolish) are comprehensive categories. Hellēsin refers to Greek-speaking, culturally Hellenized peoples; barbarois (βάρβαροι) refers to non-Greek peoples (the term imitates how foreign languages sounded: 'bar-bar'). Sophois (σοφοί, wise) and anoētois (ἀνοήτοις, foolish/unlearned) cover all educational levels. Paul's mission transcended cultural and intellectual boundaries—the gospel is for all without distinction. This inclusive vision echoes Colossians 3:11: 'There is neither Greek nor Jew... barbarian, Scythian, slave nor free, but Christ is all and in all.'

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Roman Empire was linguistically divided between Greek-speaking East and Latin-speaking West, but Greek was the lingua franca. 'Barbarians' included various tribal peoples on the empire's frontiers—Celts, Germans, Scythians—viewed by Greeks and Romans as culturally inferior. Paul's willingness to evangelize 'barbarians' and 'foolish' people was radical, as most philosophers reserved truth for the educated elite. Christianity's egalitarian message attracted slaves, women, and lower classes, sparking criticism from Roman intellectuals.

Reflection Questions

  1. To whom do you feel 'indebted' (ὀφειλέτης) to share the gospel—which cultural, educational, or socioeconomic groups?
  2. What cultural prejudices or intellectual snobbery prevent you from seeing all people as equally needing and worthy of hearing the gospel?
  3. How does Paul's all-encompassing mission challenge the modern church's tendency to target demographically similar 'people groups'?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
Ἕλλησίν1 of 10

to the Greeks

G1672

a hellen (grecian) or inhabitant of hellas; by extension a greek-speaking person, especially a non-jew

τε2 of 10

both

G5037

both or also (properly, as correlation of g2532)

καὶ3 of 10

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

βαρβάροις4 of 10

to the Barbarians

G915

a foreigner (i.e., non-greek)

σοφοῖς5 of 10

to the wise

G4680

wise (in a most general application)

τε6 of 10

both

G5037

both or also (properly, as correlation of g2532)

καὶ7 of 10

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀνοήτοις8 of 10

to the unwise

G453

unintelligent; by implication, sensual

ὀφειλέτης9 of 10

debtor

G3781

an ower, i.e., person indebted; figuratively, a delinquent; morally, a transgressor (against god)

εἰμί10 of 10

I am

G1510

i exist (used only when emphatic)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 1:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 1:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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