King James Version

What Does Psalms 109:1 Mean?

Psalms 109:1 in the King James Version says “To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise; — study this verse from Psalms chapter 109 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise;

Psalms 109:1 · KJV


Context

1

To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise;

2

For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceitful are opened against me: they have spoken against me with a lying tongue. of the deceitful: Heb. of deceit are opened: Heb. have opened themselves

3

They compassed me about also with words of hatred; and fought against me without a cause.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
"Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise." This opening petition Elohei tehilati al techaresh (God of my praise, do not be silent) appeals to God to speak and act. Tehilah (praise) is the root of Tehillim (Psalms, literally "praises")—even in distress, the psalmist identifies God as object of praise. Charash (be silent/keep quiet) can indicate either literal silence or inactive indifference. The plea asks God to break His silence by defending His servant against false accusation. Divine silence during injustice tests faith (Psalm 28:1, 35:22, 83:1). Yet God's apparent silence isn't indifference—He reserves judgment for proper timing. This imprecatory Psalm (containing curses on enemies) must be understood within theodicy: when will God vindicate righteousness and judge wickedness?

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Historical & Cultural Context

David likely wrote this during persecution, either by Saul or during Absalom's rebellion. False accusation was common in ancient courts—no presumption of innocence, limited due process, accusers' word heavily weighted. Proverbs warns extensively against false witness (Proverbs 6:16-19, 12:17, 14:5, 19:5). The ninth commandment forbids bearing false witness (Exodus 20:16). Yet false accusations plagued God's people throughout history—Joseph, Naboth (1 Kings 21), Jeremiah, Daniel's friends, Daniel himself, Jesus, Stephen, Paul. The imprecatory Psalms (35, 55, 59, 69, 109, 137) aren't personal vindictiveness but appeals for divine justice against wicked who oppress righteous.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should believers respond when God seems silent in the face of injustice or slander?
  2. What is the proper role of imprecatory prayer (calling for God's judgment on the wicked) in Christian spirituality?
  3. How does maintaining praise ("God of my praise") even while pleading for vindication demonstrate mature faith?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 4 words
אֱלֹהֵ֥י1 of 4

O God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

תְ֝הִלָּתִ֗י2 of 4

of my praise

H8416

laudation; specifically (concretely) a hymn

אַֽל3 of 4
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תֶּחֱרַֽשׁ׃4 of 4

Hold not thy peace

H2790

to scratch, i.e., (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 109:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 109:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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