King James Version

What Does Proverbs 30:31 Mean?

Proverbs 30:31 in the King James Version says “A greyhound ; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up. greyhound: or, horse: Heb. girt in the lo... — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 30 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

A greyhound ; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up. greyhound: or, horse: Heb. girt in the loins

Proverbs 30:31 · KJV


Context

29

There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in going:

30

A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any;

31

A greyhound ; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up. greyhound: or, horse: Heb. girt in the loins

32

If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth.

33

Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
A greyhound (זַרְזִיר מׇתְנַיִם, zarzir motnayim)—this phrase is difficult; זַרְזִיר (zarzir) appears only here. Translations vary: 'greyhound' (KJV), 'rooster' (ESV), 'strutting rooster' (NIV). מָתְנַיִם (motnayim, 'loins, hips') suggests girded loins, denoting readiness. Whatever the animal, the emphasis is dignified, purposeful movement.

An he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up (וְתָיִשׁ וּמֶלֶךְ אַלְקוּם עִמּוֹ, vetayish umelekh alqum immo)—תַּיִשׁ (tayish, 'he-goat, male goat') leads the flock confidently; מֶלֶךְ (melekh, 'king') אַלְקוּם עִמּוֹ (alqum immo, 'his army/people with him') presents a monarch with loyal subjects. The unifying theme: authority exercised with dignity. Believers are a 'royal priesthood' (1 Peter 2:9), called to exhibit godly dignity and confident authority as God's representatives.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Kings in the ancient Near East cultivated images of majesty and invincibility. Israel's ideal king combined might with justice (Psalm 72). The comparison of righteous leadership to dignified animals echoes prophetic imagery (Ezekiel 34, Jesus as the Good Shepherd). Agur's observations teach that true authority exhibits calm, confident strength.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can you lead with calm confidence rather than anxious control or domineering force?
  2. What does 'walking worthy' of your royal identity as God's child look like practically?
  3. Who exemplifies for you leadership that combines strength with grace, authority with humility?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
זַרְזִ֣יר1 of 7
H2223

properly, tightly girt, i.e., probably a racer, or some fleet animal (as being slender in the waist)

מָתְנַ֣יִם2 of 7

A greyhound

H4975

properly, the waist or small of the back; only in plural the loins

אוֹ3 of 7

also

H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

תָ֑יִשׁ4 of 7

an he goat

H8495

a buck or he-goat (as given to butting)

וּ֝מֶ֗לֶךְ5 of 7

and a king

H4428

a king

אַלְק֥וּם6 of 7

against whom there is no rising up

H510

a non-rising (i.e., resistlessness)

עִמּֽוֹ׃7 of 7
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 30:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 30:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study