King James Version

What Does Proverbs 23:1 Mean?

Proverbs 23:1 in the King James Version says “When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee: — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee:

Proverbs 23:1 · KJV


Context

1

When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee:

2

And put a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man given to appetite.

3

Be not desirous of his dainties: for they are deceitful meat.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
When dining with a ruler, 'consider diligently what is before thee.' The Hebrew 'biyn biyn' (consider diligently) is emphatic—understand carefully. This counsels awareness and discernment when in the presence of power. Meals with rulers involve more than food; they're political and social settings requiring wisdom. Reformed theology values prudence in all relationships, especially with those in authority. This verse warns against naiveté in power dynamics. We must be 'wise as serpents, harmless as doves' (Matthew 10:16).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Royal banquets in ancient courts were settings for political maneuvering, forming alliances, and subtle manipulation. Guests needed shrewd awareness to navigate these dangerous social situations.

Reflection Questions

  1. Do you exercise appropriate discernment when interacting with those in positions of power?
  2. How can you maintain integrity while being prudently aware in complex social situations?
  3. What does wise engagement with authority look like in your context?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
כִּֽי1 of 10
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תֵ֭שֵׁב2 of 10

When thou sittest

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

לִלְח֣וֹם3 of 10

to eat

H3898

to feed on; figuratively, to consume

אֶת4 of 10
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

מוֹשֵׁ֑ל5 of 10

with a ruler

H4910

to rule

תָּ֝בִ֗ין6 of 10

consider

H995

to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e., (generally) understand

תָּ֝בִ֗ין7 of 10

consider

H995

to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e., (generally) understand

אֶת8 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֲשֶׁ֥ר9 of 10
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃10 of 10

what is before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 23:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 23:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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