King James Version

What Does Proverbs 20:1 Mean?

Proverbs 20:1 in the King James Version says “Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.

Proverbs 20:1 · KJV


Context

1

Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.

2

The fear of a king is as the roaring of a lion: whoso provoketh him to anger sinneth against his own soul.

3

It is an honour for a man to cease from strife: but every fool will be meddling.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This proverb warns against alcohol abuse: 'Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.' Wine (yayin) and strong drink (shekhar—beer or fermented drink) are personified as 'mocker' and 'raging.' They deceive, promising pleasure while delivering foolishness and loss of control. Those 'deceived' by alcohol lack wisdom. The verse doesn't absolutely prohibit alcohol (Scripture permits moderate use) but warns against its deceptive power. Proverbs repeatedly cautions about drunkenness (23:20-21, 29-35; 31:4-5). The warning recognizes alcohol's capacity to impair judgment and lead to destructive behavior.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Wine and beer were common in ancient Near Eastern cultures, consumed with meals and in celebrations. Yet drunkenness was recognized as dangerous, particularly for leaders who needed clear judgment (Proverbs 31:4-5). Biblical teaching permits moderate use while condemning drunkenness (Ephesians 5:18). The principle: don't be controlled by substances that impair wisdom and self-control.

Reflection Questions

  1. Do you use alcohol (or other substances) wisely and moderately, or do they exercise any controlling influence over you?
  2. How can you guard against deception in areas where pleasure promises satisfaction but delivers harm?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
לֵ֣ץ1 of 9

is a mocker

H3887

properly, to make mouths at, i.e., to scoff; hence (from the effort to pronounce a foreign language) to interpret, or (generally) intercede

הַ֭יַּין2 of 9

Wine

H3196

wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication

הֹמֶ֣ה3 of 9

is raging

H1993

to make a loud sound (like english 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor

שֵׁכָ֑ר4 of 9

strong drink

H7941

an intoxicant, i.e., intensely alcoholic liquor

וְכָל5 of 9
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

שֹׁ֥גֶה6 of 9

and whosoever is deceived

H7686

to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgress; by extension (through the idea of intoxication

בּ֝֗וֹ7 of 9
H0
לֹ֣א8 of 9
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יֶחְכָּֽם׃9 of 9

thereby is not wise

H2449

to be wise (in mind, word or act)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 20:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 20:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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