King James Version

What Does Numbers 5:20 Mean?

Numbers 5:20 in the King James Version says “But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee ... — study this verse from Numbers chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee beside thine husband:

Numbers 5:20 · KJV


Context

18

And the priest shall set the woman before the LORD, and uncover the woman's head, and put the offering of memorial in her hands, which is the jealousy offering: and the priest shall have in his hand the bitter water that causeth the curse:

19

And the priest shall charge her by an oath, and say unto the woman, If no man have lain with thee, and if thou hast not gone aside to uncleanness with another instead of thy husband, be thou free from this bitter water that causeth the curse: with another: or, being in the power of thy husband: Heb. under thy husband

20

But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee beside thine husband:

21

Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say unto the woman, The LORD make thee a curse and an oath among thy people, when the LORD doth make thy thigh to rot, and thy belly to swell; rot: Heb. fall

22

And this water that causeth the curse shall go into thy bowels, to make thy belly to swell, and thy thigh to rot: And the woman shall say, Amen, amen.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The specific accusation—'thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband'—defines the offense clearly. Adultery is not merely a personal choice but a going aside from the covenant relationship. The phrase 'instead of thy husband' emphasizes the substitution and betrayal involved in adultery. This reflects the biblical understanding that sexual union creates a one-flesh bond; adultery therefore violates the exclusive covenant of marriage.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Marriage in Israel was a covenant relationship, not merely a social contract. Sexual fidelity was commanded not just for social stability but as part of covenant faithfulness before God. Adultery violated the covenant and made the woman ceremonially unclean.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does describing adultery as going aside from the covenant inform our understanding of sexual sin?
  2. What does the exclusive nature of marriage teach about God's jealousy for His people's faithfulness?
  3. In what ways is adultery a form of idolatry—substituting another for the rightful covenant partner?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וְאַ֗תְּ1 of 14
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

כִּ֥י2 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

שָׂטִ֛ית3 of 14

But if thou hast gone aside

H7847

to deviate from duty

תַּ֥חַת4 of 14
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

אִישֵֽׁךְ׃5 of 14

and some man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

וְכִ֣י6 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

נִטְמֵ֑את7 of 14

and if thou be defiled

H2930

to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)

וַיִּתֵּ֨ן8 of 14

have

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

אִישֵֽׁךְ׃9 of 14

and some man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

בָּךְ֙10 of 14
H0
אֶת11 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שְׁכָבְתּ֔וֹ12 of 14

lain

H7903

a (sexual) lying with

מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֖י13 of 14

with thee beside

H1107

except, without, besides

אִישֵֽׁךְ׃14 of 14

and some man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 5:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 5:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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