King James Version

What Does Numbers 31:48 Mean?

Numbers 31:48 in the King James Version says “And the officers which were over thousands of the host, the captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, came near u... — study this verse from Numbers chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the officers which were over thousands of the host, the captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, came near unto Moses:

Numbers 31:48 · KJV


Context

46

And sixteen thousand persons ;)

47

Even of the children of Israel's half, Moses took one portion of fifty, both of man and of beast, and gave them unto the Levites, which kept the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses.

48

And the officers which were over thousands of the host, the captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, came near unto Moses:

49

And they said unto Moses, Thy servants have taken the sum of the men of war which are under our charge, and there lacketh not one man of us. charge: Heb. hand

50

We have therefore brought an oblation for the LORD, what every man hath gotten, of jewels of gold, chains, and bracelets, rings, earrings, and tablets, to make an atonement for our souls before the LORD. gotten: Heb. found


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the officers which were over thousands of the host, the captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, came near unto Moses—The Hebrew שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְשָׂרֵי הַמֵּאוֹת (sarei ha-alaphim ve-sarei ha-meot, "princes/commanders of the thousands and princes of the hundreds") represents Israel's military hierarchy. These פְּקֻדֵי (pequdei, "officers/appointed ones") approached Moses post-battle for a remarkable purpose revealed in v. 49: zero casualties.

Their coming near (קָרַב, qarav—the same verb used for priestly approach to God) suggests solemn, worshipful intent. After distributing spoils according to divine justice, these battle-hardened commanders recognized the miraculous preservation of every soldier—unprecedented in ancient warfare. Their approach initiates the votive offering narrative (vv. 49-54), demonstrating that godly military leadership acknowledges divine intervention, not merely human prowess.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient warfare typically resulted in 10-30% casualties even in victories. That Israel lost no soldiers in a major campaign against fortified Midianite settlements was unprecedented. The officers' immediate response—approaching Moses with offerings (v. 50)—shows the campaign was understood as holy war (herem), where Yahweh fought for Israel. This occurred c. 1406 BC during Moses' final months.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the officers' immediate approach to Moses (rather than celebrating their prowess) teach about godly leadership and humility?
  2. How should military or organizational success prompt acknowledgment of divine providence rather than human pride?
  3. What can church leaders learn from commanders who recognized God's preservation and responded with worship and generosity?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ֙1 of 11

came near

H7126

to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose

אֶל2 of 11
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶׁ֔ה3 of 11

unto Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

הַפְּקֻדִ֕ים4 of 11

And the officers

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

אֲשֶׁ֖ר5 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

הָֽאֲלָפִ֖ים6 of 11

of thousands

H505

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

הַצָּבָ֑א7 of 11

of the host

H6635

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci

וְשָׂרֵ֥י8 of 11

and captains

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

הָֽאֲלָפִ֖ים9 of 11

of thousands

H505

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

וְשָׂרֵ֥י10 of 11

and captains

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

הַמֵּאֽוֹת׃11 of 11

of hundreds

H3967

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 31:48 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study