King James Version

What Does Numbers 31:37 Mean?

Numbers 31:37 in the King James Version says “And the LORD'S tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen . — study this verse from Numbers chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the LORD'S tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen .

Numbers 31:37 · KJV


Context

35

And thirty and two thousand persons in all, of women that had not known man by lying with him.

36

And the half, which was the portion of them that went out to war, was in number three hundred thousand and seven and thirty thousand and five hundred sheep:

37

And the LORD'S tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen .

38

And the beeves were thirty and six thousand; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and twelve .

39

And the asses were thirty thousand and five hundred; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and one.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the LORD'S tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen—The Hebrew terumah (תְּרוּמָה, 'heave offering') designates the portion lifted up and consecrated to Yahweh. This precise 0.2% levy (675 from 337,500 sheep) established Israel's recognition that all war spoils belonged first to God. The meticulous accounting reflects not mere bookkeeping but covenantal theology: victory comes from the LORD, and He claims first-fruits of plunder.

Unlike pagan nations who credited military prowess or patron deities with conquest, Israel's tribute system acknowledged Yahweh as the true Commander who grants victory. This prefigures Christ's total claim on the spoils of His cross-victory over sin and death (Colossians 2:15).

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Midianite war (Numbers 31) occurred circa 1406 BC as Israel prepared to enter Canaan. Moses led this punitive campaign in response to Midian's seduction of Israel at Baal-peor (Numbers 25). The precise tribute calculations demonstrate sophisticated administrative systems already functioning in wilderness Israel.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'spoils' from your victories do you withhold from God rather than offering Him the first-fruits?
  2. How does recognizing God as the source of success change your attitude toward material blessings?
  3. In what ways does Christ's victory over sin require total consecration of your life to Him?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וַיְהִ֛י1 of 9
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

הַמֶּ֥כֶס2 of 9

tribute

H4371

an assessment (as based upon a census)

לַֽיהוָ֖ה3 of 9

And the LORD'S

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

מִן4 of 9
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הַצֹּ֑אן5 of 9

of the sheep

H6629

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)

שֵׁ֥שׁ6 of 9

was six

H8337

six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth

מֵא֖וֹת7 of 9

hundred

H3967

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction

חָמֵ֥שׁ8 of 9
H2568

five

וְשִׁבְעִֽים׃9 of 9

and threescore and fifteen

H7657

seventy


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 31:37 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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