King James Version

What Does Numbers 31:35 Mean?

Numbers 31:35 in the King James Version says “And thirty and two thousand persons in all, of women that had not known man by lying with him. — study this verse from Numbers chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And thirty and two thousand persons in all, of women that had not known man by lying with him.

Numbers 31:35 · KJV


Context

33

And threescore and twelve thousand beeves,

34

And threescore and one thousand asses,

35

And thirty and two thousand persons in all, of women that had not known man by lying with him.

36

And the half, which was the portion of them that went out to war, was in number three hundred thousand and seven and thirty thousand and five hundred sheep:

37

And the LORD'S tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen .


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And thirty and two thousand persons in all, of women that had not known man by lying with him—32,000 virgin females (nashim asher lo yad'u mishkav zakar) sparks difficult ethical questions. Deuteronomy 20:14 permits taking women/children as spoils; adult males were executed (31:7,17) along with non-virgin females (31:17) due to their role in Baal-Peor seduction (Numbers 25).

These captives weren't sex slaves but became integrated into Israel as servants, eventually eligible for covenant membership. The virginity specification prevented bringing idolatrous influence into the camp. Modern readers struggle with this; ancient context shows restrained judgment compared to typical ancient warfare (total annihilation). Still, the passage confronts us with OT holy war's severity, pointing toward Christ who conquers through suffering love, not military force (Revelation 5:5-6).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern warfare typically killed or enslaved entire populations. Israel's selective preservation of virgins (those uninvolved in Baal-Peor apostasy, Numbers 25:1-9) represented judicial discrimination, not ethnic genocide. Numbers 31:18 specifies 'keep alive for yourselves,' suggesting domestic service, potential marriage (cf. Deuteronomy 21:10-14 regulations), or adoption into tribes.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do we reconcile God's commanded severity in OT holy war with Jesus's enemy-love ethic in the NT?
  2. What does the virginity criterion teach about protecting covenant community from corrupting influences?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
נֶ֕פֶשׁ1 of 14

persons

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

אָדָ֔ם2 of 14
H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

מִן3 of 14
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הַ֨נָּשִׁ֔ים4 of 14

of women

H802

a woman

אֲשֶׁ֥ר5 of 14
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹֽא6 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָדְע֖וּ7 of 14

that had not known

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

מִשְׁכַּ֣ב8 of 14

by lying

H4904

a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse

זָכָ֑ר9 of 14

man

H2145

properly, remembered, i.e., a male (of man or animals, as being the most noteworthy sex)

כָּל10 of 14

in all

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

נֶ֕פֶשׁ11 of 14

persons

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

שְׁנַ֥יִם12 of 14

and two

H8147

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים13 of 14

And thirty

H7970

thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth

אָֽלֶף׃14 of 14

thousand

H505

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 31:35 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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