King James Version

What Does Numbers 31:23 Mean?

Every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean: nevertheless it shall be purified with the water of separation: and all that abideth not the fire ye shall make go through the water.

Numbers 31:23 · KJV


Context

21

And Eleazar the priest said unto the men of war which went to the battle, This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD commanded Moses;

22

Only the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the tin, and the lead,

23

Every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean: nevertheless it shall be purified with the water of separation: and all that abideth not the fire ye shall make go through the water.

24

And ye shall wash your clothes on the seventh day, and ye shall be clean, and afterward ye shall come into the camp.

25

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean—the principle: maximum purification for maximum resistance. Fire-resistant metals underwent fire purification, the strongest cleansing method. Yet even after fire, they still required water of separation (Hebrew mei niddah), the ritual water mixed with red heifer ashes (Numbers 19:9). Materials unable to withstand fire received water purification only.

This dual purification—fire and water—carries rich symbolism: fire represents judgment and testing (1 Corinthians 3:13, 1 Peter 1:7), while water represents Word-cleansing (Ephesians 5:26) and regeneration (Titus 3:5). Nothing enters God's presence without thorough purification. The most durable things endure strongest cleansing; weaker materials receive gentler treatment. God's sanctification is similarly tailored: strong believers face severe testing producing greater purity, while new believers receive gentler instruction. Both fire and water come from God's merciful provision.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The 'water of separation' (also 'water of purification' or 'water of impurity') was prepared from ashes of the red heifer sacrifice (Numbers 19:1-10) mixed with fresh water, hyssop, scarlet, and cedar. This mixture removed corpse contamination ritually. The requirement for both fire and water purification showed thoroughness—physical cleansing (fire removing organic matter) plus ritual cleansing (water of separation removing ceremonial defilement). The system prevented shortcuts: soldiers couldn't assume fire alone sufficed; God's prescribed methods required complete following. This anticipated Christ's superior cleansing: His blood and Spirit (water and blood, 1 John 5:6-8) provide complete purification.

Reflection Questions

  1. Are you willing to undergo whatever level of purification—fire or water—God deems necessary for your sanctification?
  2. How does the requirement for both fire and water purification challenge modern shortcuts seeking easy holiness without thorough cleansing?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
כָּל1 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

דָּבָ֞ר2 of 19

Every thing

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

אֲשֶׁר3 of 19
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יָבֹ֛א4 of 19

and all that abideth

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

בָּאֵ֖שׁ5 of 19

not the fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)

תַּֽעֲבִ֥ירוּ6 of 19

ye shall make go through

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

בָּאֵ֖שׁ7 of 19

not the fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)

וְטָהֵ֔ר8 of 19

and it shall be clean

H2891

to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulterated; levitically, uncontaminated; morally, innocent or holy)

אַ֕ךְ9 of 19
H389

a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only

בַמָּֽיִם׃10 of 19

the water

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

נִדָּ֖ה11 of 19

of separation

H5079

properly, rejection; by implication, impurity, especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry, incest)

יִתְחַטָּ֑א12 of 19

nevertheless it shall be purified

H2398

properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn

וְכֹ֨ל13 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁ֧ר14 of 19
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹֽא15 of 19
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָבֹ֛א16 of 19

and all that abideth

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

בָּאֵ֖שׁ17 of 19

not the fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)

תַּֽעֲבִ֥ירוּ18 of 19

ye shall make go through

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

בַמָּֽיִם׃19 of 19

the water

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 31:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 31:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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