King James Version

What Does Micah 2:1 Mean?

Micah 2:1 in the King James Version says “Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it... — study this verse from Micah chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand.

Micah 2:1 · KJV


Context

1

Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand.

2

And they covet fields, and take them by violence; and houses, and take them away: so they oppress a man and his house, even a man and his heritage. oppress: or, defraud

3

Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, against this family do I devise an evil, from which ye shall not remove your necks; neither shall ye go haughtily: for this time is evil.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Micah pronounces woe on oppressors: 'Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand.' The Hebrew emphasizes premeditation: 'hosheve aven' (devisers of wickedness) lying awake plotting evil, then executing it at dawn. 'Because it is in the power of their hand' (ki yesh le-el yadam) literally means 'because it is in the might of their hand'—they do evil simply because they can, with no restraint from conscience or fear of God. This describes the powerful exploiting the weak (v. 2: coveting fields and houses, oppressing homeowners). Such calculated injustice provokes divine judgment (v. 3). Power without moral restraint produces tyranny; James 4:17 applies: 'to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin.'

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Historical & Cultural Context

Micah addressed Judah's leadership class (landowners, judges, rulers) who exploited the poor during the 8th century BC. The covenant protected vulnerable through laws against oppression (Exodus 22:21-27, Leviticus 19:13, Deuteronomy 24:14-15), but corrupt leaders ignored these, seizing property through legal manipulation and economic pressure. Amos and Isaiah contemporaneously denounced similar injustice (Amos 2:6-7, Isaiah 3:14-15, 5:8). These sins contributed to Judah's eventual exile. The principle remains: societies permitting the powerful to exploit the weak face divine judgment. God hears the oppressed's cries (Exodus 3:7-9, James 5:4) and will vindicate them.

Reflection Questions

  1. Do I scheme to use my power or position for self-interest regardless of who gets hurt?
  2. How do I respond to systemic injustice where the powerful exploit the vulnerable with legal but immoral practices?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
ה֧וֹי1 of 14

Woe

H1945

oh!

חֹֽשְׁבֵי2 of 14

to them that devise

H2803

properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e., (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a maliciou

אָ֛וֶן3 of 14

iniquity

H205

strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol

וּפֹ֥עֲלֵי4 of 14

and work

H6466

to do or make (systematically and habitually), especially to practise

רָ֖ע5 of 14

evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

עַל6 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָ֑ם7 of 14

upon their beds

H4904

a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse

בְּא֤וֹר8 of 14

is light

H216

illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every sense, including lightning, happiness, etc.)

הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙9 of 14

when the morning

H1242

properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning

יַעֲשׂ֔וּהָ10 of 14

they practise

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

כִּ֥י11 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יֶשׁ12 of 14

it because it is

H3426

there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)

לְאֵ֖ל13 of 14

in the power

H410

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)

יָדָֽם׃14 of 14

of their hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Micah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Micah 2:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Micah 2:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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