King James Version

What Does Matthew 10:36 Mean?

Matthew 10:36 in the King James Version says “And a man's foes shall be they of his own household. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And a man's foes shall be they of his own household.

Matthew 10:36 · KJV


Context

34

Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword.

35

For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law.

36

And a man's foes shall be they of his own household.

37

He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.

38

And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The climactic statement 'a man's foes shall be they of his own household' completes Jesus's warning about familial division. The word 'foes' (ἐχθροὶ/echthroi) denotes active enemies, not mere opponents. Those who share one's home may become one's adversaries when the gospel divides. The phrase 'of his own household' (οἰκιακοὶ/oikiakoi) refers to immediate household members—those with whom one shares daily life. Reformed theology sees this demonstrating total depravity's reach: even natural affection cannot overcome spiritual blindness and opposition to God. Yet those who continue following Christ despite household opposition demonstrate authentic conversion. The verse doesn't encourage creating division but remaining faithful when division comes.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This completes Jesus's quotation of Micah 7:6. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the household included not just parents and children but servants, extended family, and sometimes multiple generations under one roof. The paterfamilias held near-absolute authority over religious observance. If he rejected Christianity, household members who converted faced not just emotional but legal, economic, and social consequences. Roman law granted fathers power of life and death over children (patria potestas). Early church history records numerous instances of family members betraying Christian relatives to authorities during persecutions. The apostolic letters (Ephesians 5-6, Colossians 3, 1 Peter 2-3) address mixed households, providing guidance on maintaining witness while fulfilling household duties.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you balance honoring family with following Christ when these conflict?
  2. What comfort does this offer believers who experience family rejection—how does knowing Jesus predicted it change your perspective?
  3. How should churches support members who face family opposition for their faith?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 7 words
καὶ1 of 7

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐχθροὶ2 of 7

foes

G2190

hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)

τοῦ3 of 7
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνθρώπου4 of 7

a man's

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

οἱ5 of 7
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

οἰκιακοὶ6 of 7

household

G3615

familiar, i.e., (as noun) relatives

αὐτοῦ7 of 7

shall be they of his own

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 10:36 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 10:36 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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