King James Version

What Does Judges 20:48 Mean?

Judges 20:48 in the King James Version says “And the men of Israel turned again upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, as well the... — study this verse from Judges chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the men of Israel turned again upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, as well the men of every city, as the beast, and all that came to hand: also they set on fire all the cities that they came to. came to hand: Heb. was found they came: Heb. were found

Judges 20:48 · KJV


Context

46

So that all which fell that day of Benjamin were twenty and five thousand men that drew the sword; all these were men of valour.

47

But six hundred men turned and fled to the wilderness unto the rock Rimmon, and abode in the rock Rimmon four months.

48

And the men of Israel turned again upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, as well the men of every city, as the beast, and all that came to hand: also they set on fire all the cities that they came to. came to hand: Heb. was found they came: Heb. were found


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The men of Israel turned again upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, as well the men of every city, as the beast, and all that came to hand (מִמְּתֹם עַד־בְּהֵמָה עַד כָּל־הַנִּמְצָא)—total destruction: men, animals, everything. Also they set on fire all the cities that they came to (גַּם כָּל־הֶעָרִים הַנִּמְצָאוֹת שִׁלְּחוּ בָאֵשׁ)—complete devastation of Benjamin's territory. This scorched-earth policy mirrors the herem (חֵרֶם, devoted destruction) commanded against Canaanite cities (Deuteronomy 7:2; 20:16-17).

Israel's treatment of Benjamin as if they were Canaanites under the ban demonstrates the chapter's tragic trajectory: righteous judgment against Gibeah's Sodom-like crime escalates to genocidal rage against the entire tribe. The distinction between punishing guilty parties and destroying an entire people blurs in the fury of warfare. This verse reveals how vengeance, even when initially righteous, can exceed proper bounds and become sin itself. Israel's actions ensure that Benjamin's near-extinction will require extraordinary measures (chapter 21) to prevent permanent loss of a tribe. The chapter ends with this disturbing image: covenant brothers destroying covenant brothers with the same totality commanded only against pagans. When 'everyone does what is right in his own eyes' (17:6; 21:25), even covenant justice becomes indistinguishable from pagan warfare.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The application of herem (devoted destruction) to Benjamin violated covenant provisions for treating brother Israelites. Deuteronomy 20:10-15 prescribed such complete destruction only for Canaanite nations, not fellow tribes. Israel's rage, though rooted in righteous indignation at crime resembling Sodom, exceeded proper bounds—leading to Benjamin's near-extinction and the desperate wife-stealing measures of chapter 21.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does righteous anger escalate beyond proper bounds to become sinful vengeance?
  2. When do you treat covenant brothers with the same totality reserved for enemies?
  3. What safeguards prevent justice from becoming indistinguishable from revenge?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
וְאִ֨ישׁ1 of 22

And the men

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל2 of 22

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

שָׁ֣בוּ3 of 22

turned again

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אֶל4 of 22
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

בְּנֵ֤י5 of 22

upon the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

בִנְיָמִן֙6 of 22

of Benjamin

H1144

binjamin, youngest son of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory

וַיַּכּ֣וּם7 of 22

and smote

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

לְפִי8 of 22

them with the edge

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

חֶ֔רֶב9 of 22

of the sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

הֶֽעָרִ֥ים10 of 22

all the cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

מְתֹם֙11 of 22

as well the men

H4974

wholesomeness; also (adverb) completely

עַ֖ד12 of 22

as

H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

בְּהֵמָ֔ה13 of 22

the beast

H929

properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)

עַ֖ד14 of 22

as

H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

כָּל15 of 22
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת16 of 22

and all that came to hand

H4672

properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

גַּ֛ם17 of 22
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

כָּל18 of 22
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הֶֽעָרִ֥ים19 of 22

all the cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת20 of 22

and all that came to hand

H4672

properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

שִׁלְּח֥וּ21 of 22

also they set

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

בָאֵֽשׁ׃22 of 22

on fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Judges. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Judges 20:48 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Judges 20:48 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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