King James Version

What Does Joshua 9:5 Mean?

Joshua 9:5 in the King James Version says “And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and ... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.

Joshua 9:5 · KJV


Context

3

And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai,

4

They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up;

5

And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.

6

And they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal, and said unto him, and to the men of Israel, We be come from a far country: now therefore make ye a league with us.

7

And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The Gibeonites' props: 'old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.' Every detail designed to suggest long travel from distant lands. The Hebrew נָקוּד (naqud—moldy, crumbled) describes bread's deteriorated state. The comprehensive nature (shoes, garments, bread) shows thoroughness in deception—no detail overlooked. The specific mention of bread is significant: it would naturally age and become moldy over extended travel, providing 'evidence' of journey length. Their attention to detail in the deception contrasts with Israel's lack of diligence in verification. The text implicitly criticizes Israel's gullibility—the evidence was staged, not genuine. This teaches that appearances, however convincing, require verification through prayer and divine guidance. Paul warns: 'Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light' (2 Corinthians 11:14). Elaborate, convincing appearances don't guarantee truth.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The items mentioned—shoes, garments, bread—were standard traveler necessities in ancient times. Shoes wore out with travel (Deuteronomy 29:5 records miraculously that Israel's shoes didn't wear out during forty wilderness years). Garments frayed and faded. Bread, baked before journey, dried and molded over time. Gibeon's proximity to Israel (about twenty-five miles from Gilgal) meant fresh supplies were available—but they deliberately used old items to create false impression. Ancient Near Eastern hospitality customs meant arriving ambassadors would be evaluated partially by their appearance and possessions. Worn items suggested long, difficult journey, evoking sympathy and lending credibility to claims of distant origin. The deception's success shows Israel's failure in due diligence. Deuteronomy 20:10-15 distinguished treatment of near versus far cities; Gibeon exploited this by falsely claiming distance. The passage warns that spiritual discernment requires more than surface evaluation.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'old shoes and moldy bread' (convincing surface evidence) have you seen in false teaching or deceptive appearances?
  2. How can believers develop discernment that goes beyond appearances to test genuineness?
  3. When has paying attention to details revealed deception or confirmed authenticity?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וּנְעָל֨וֹת1 of 13

shoes

H5275

properly, a sandal tongue; by extension a sandal or slipper (sometimes as a symbol of occupancy, a refusal to marry, or of something valueless)

בָּל֖וֹת2 of 13

And old

H1087

worn out

וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙3 of 13

and clouted

H2921

properly, to cover with pieces; i.e., (by implication) to spot or variegate (as tapestry)

בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם4 of 13

upon their feet

H7272

a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda

וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת5 of 13

garments

H8008

a dress

בָּל֖וֹת6 of 13

And old

H1087

worn out

עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם7 of 13
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

וְכֹל֙8 of 13
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

לֶ֣חֶם9 of 13

upon them and all the bread

H3899

food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

צֵידָ֔ם10 of 13

of their provision

H6718

(generally) lunch (especially for a journey)

יָבֵ֖שׁ11 of 13

was dry

H3001

to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)

הָיָ֥ה12 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

נִקֻּדִֽים׃13 of 13

and mouldy

H5350

a crumb (as broken to spots); also a biscuit (as pricked)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 9:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 9:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study