King James Version

What Does Joshua 21:8 Mean?

Joshua 21:8 in the King James Version says “And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these cities with their suburbs, as the LORD commanded by the ha... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these cities with their suburbs, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.

Joshua 21:8 · KJV


Context

6

And the children of Gershon had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities.

7

The children of Merari by their families had out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve cities.

8

And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these cities with their suburbs, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.

9

And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are here mentioned by name, mentioned: Heb. called

10

Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs was the first lot.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these cities with their suburbs, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.

This summary verse emphasizes Israel's complete obedience. The phrase "gave by lot" (vayitnu...bagoral, וַיִּתְּנוּ...בַּגּוֹרָל) combines human agency (giving) with divine sovereignty (lot-casting). Israel actively obeyed, but God determined specific allocations. This models the relationship between God's sovereignty and human responsibility—we act obediently while trusting God's sovereign ordering of outcomes.

The comprehensive statement "these cities with their suburbs" (et-hearim haeleh veet-migresheyhen, אֶת־הֶעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶן) repeats the thorough provision from verse 3. Israel didn't give cities grudgingly or incompletely—they provided both urban living space and surrounding pastureland, exactly as commanded. This demonstrates that partial obedience is disobedience; God's people must follow His instructions completely, in the manner prescribed.

The concluding phrase "as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses" (kaasher tsivah Yahweh beyad-Moshe, כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה) roots obedience in divine command. Israel obeyed not because it was convenient or beneficial, but because Yahweh commanded. The phrase beyad-Moshe ("by the hand of Moses") recognizes Moses as God's authorized mediator—commands given through him carried divine authority requiring compliance. This prefigures Christ as ultimate Mediator whose commands demand obedience (Hebrews 3:3-6, John 14:15).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This verse summarizes the entire Levitical city allocation process detailed in verses 9-42. The system worked successfully during the united monarchy and into the divided kingdom period. When northern tribes apostatized under Jeroboam (1 Kings 12), faithful Levites fled south, abandoning their cities (2 Chronicles 11:13-16). During Hezekiah's reforms (2 Chronicles 31) and Josiah's reforms (2 Kings 23), Levitical cities served as centers for covenant renewal. The system's breakdown paralleled Israel's spiritual decline—when people stopped supporting Levites through tithes, the teaching infrastructure collapsed (Nehemiah 13:10-11).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does combining human action (giving) with divine sovereignty (lot-casting) inform your understanding of prayer, decision-making, and obedience?
  2. What does Israel's complete provision (cities plus pastures, exactly as commanded) challenge about your tendency toward partial or selective obedience?
  3. How should recognizing God's commands (mediated through Scripture) as divinely authoritative shape your response to biblical teaching you find difficult or costly?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ1 of 15

gave

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

בְנֵֽי2 of 15

And the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשְׂרָאֵל֙3 of 15

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

לַלְוִיִּ֔ם4 of 15

unto the Levites

H3881

a levite or descendant of levi

אֶת5 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הֶֽעָרִ֥ים6 of 15

these cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

הָאֵ֖לֶּה7 of 15
H428

these or those

וְאֶת8 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֑ן9 of 15

with their suburbs

H4054

a suburb (i.e., open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around a building, or the margin of the sea

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר10 of 15
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

צִוָּ֧ה11 of 15

commanded

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

יְהוָ֛ה12 of 15

as the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

בְּיַד13 of 15

by the hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

מֹשֶׁ֖ה14 of 15

of Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

בַּגּוֹרָֽל׃15 of 15

by lot

H1486

properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 21:8 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 21:8 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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