King James Version

What Does Joshua 21:3 Mean?

Joshua 21:3 in the King James Version says “And the children of Israel gave unto the Levites out of their inheritance, at the commandment of the LORD, these cities ... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the children of Israel gave unto the Levites out of their inheritance, at the commandment of the LORD, these cities and their suburbs.

Joshua 21:3 · KJV


Context

1

Then came near the heads of the fathers of the Levites unto Eleazar the priest, and unto Joshua the son of Nun, and unto the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel;

2

And they spake unto them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, The LORD commanded by the hand of Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with the suburbs thereof for our cattle.

3

And the children of Israel gave unto the Levites out of their inheritance, at the commandment of the LORD, these cities and their suburbs.

4

And the lot came out for the families of the Kohathites: and the children of Aaron the priest, which were of the Levites, had by lot out of the tribe of Judah, and out of the tribe of Simeon, and out of the tribe of Benjamin, thirteen cities.

5

And the rest of the children of Kohath had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, and out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half tribe of Manasseh, ten cities.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the children of Israel gave unto the Levites out of their inheritance, at the commandment of the LORD, these cities and their suburbs.

Israel's obedience is emphasized: they "gave unto the Levites out of their inheritance" (vayitnu veney-Yisrael laLeviim menachalatam, וַיִּתְּנוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לַלְוִיִּם מִנַּחֲלָתָם). The verb natan (נָתַן, "gave") indicates voluntary transfer—the tribes willingly surrendered portions of their hard-won territories to support the Levites' ministry. The phrase menachalatam (מִנַּחֲלָתָם, "from their inheritance") shows this was costly obedience—giving from what they possessed, not from surplus. Each tribe sacrificed cities they could have used for their own expansion.

The motivation "at the commandment of the LORD" (al-pi Yahweh, עַל־פִּי יְהוָה) literally means "according to the mouth of Yahweh." The phrase al-pi (עַל־פִּי) indicates direct divine command requiring compliance. Israel's obedience demonstrates covenant faithfulness—they recognized that supporting Levitical ministry was not optional philanthropy but commanded stewardship. This prefigures New Testament teaching on supporting gospel ministers (Galatians 6:6, Philippians 4:15-18).

The comprehensive phrase "these cities and their suburbs" (et-hearim haeleh veet-migresheyhen, אֶת־הֶעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶן) shows complete provision—not just cities but surrounding pasture lands. This wasn't token compliance but full obedience to God's specific instructions. Reformed theology emphasizes that true obedience extends to details, not just general principles—Israel gave exactly what God commanded, in the manner He prescribed.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The forty-eight Levitical cities (Joshua 21:41) represented significant sacrifice from each tribe. Some cities were strategic locations (like Hebron and Shechem), yet tribes surrendered them for priestly service. This distribution occurred after the main conquest but before Joshua's death, during the period when tribes were settling their territories. The system functioned throughout Israel's monarchy, with Levitical cities serving as teaching centers, judicial hubs, and cities of refuge.

Reflection Questions

  1. What portions of your 'inheritance' (time, resources, gifts) is God calling you to give for gospel ministry and kingdom work?
  2. How does Israel's willing sacrifice from their own possessions challenge consumer Christianity that gives only from surplus?
  3. What does obedience 'at the commandment of the LORD' teach about doing what God commands because He commands it, not only when it's convenient?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ1 of 13

gave

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

בְנֵֽי2 of 13

And the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל3 of 13

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

לַלְוִיִּ֛ם4 of 13

unto the Levites

H3881

a levite or descendant of levi

מִנַּֽחֲלָתָ֖ם5 of 13

out of their inheritance

H5159

properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion

אֶל6 of 13
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

פִּ֣י7 of 13

at the commandment

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

יְהוָ֑ה8 of 13

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶת9 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הֶֽעָרִ֥ים10 of 13

these cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

הָאֵ֖לֶּה11 of 13
H428

these or those

וְאֶת12 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃13 of 13

and their suburbs

H4054

a suburb (i.e., open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around a building, or the margin of the sea


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 21:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 21:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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