King James Version

What Does Joshua 21:10 Mean?

Joshua 21:10 in the King James Version says “Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs ... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs was the first lot.

Joshua 21:10 · KJV


Context

8

And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these cities with their suburbs, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.

9

And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are here mentioned by name, mentioned: Heb. called

10

Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs was the first lot.

11

And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it. the city: or, Kirjatharba

12

But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, gave they to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for their's was the first lot.

This verse emphasizes the Aaronic priesthood's priority: "their's was the first lot" (ki lahem hayah hagoral rishonah, כִּי לָהֶם הָיָה הַגּוֹרָל רִאשׁוֹנָה). Though lot-casting involves apparent chance, God sovereignly ordered outcomes so Aaron's descendants received first allocation. The term rishonah (רִאשׁוֹנָה, "first") signals honor and priority—those serving directly at God's altar received precedence in city distribution.

The phrase "children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi" provides genealogical precision: Levi → Kohath → Aaron. This three-generation descent established priestly legitimacy. Only those tracing lineage through Aaron could serve as priests (Exodus 28:1, Numbers 3:10). Genealogical precision mattered profoundly in Israel—after the exile, priests unable to prove Aaronic descent were excluded from ministry (Ezra 2:61-63).

The "first lot" principle demonstrates that God honors those serving in positions requiring greater holiness and responsibility. Aaron's descendants bore unique burdens—entering the Holy of Holies, offering sacrifices, teaching Torah with authority. Greater responsibility warranted first consideration in material provision. This models the New Testament principle: elders who rule well deserve double honor, especially those laboring in preaching and teaching (1 Timothy 5:17).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Aaronic priesthood's first-lot priority ensured they received cities nearest the worship center (Tabernacle at Shiloh, later Temple at Jerusalem). This proximity facilitated priestly rotation—priests served in courses/divisions (1 Chronicles 24:1-19), requiring regular travel to the worship site. Cities like Hebron, Libnah, and Anathoth (verse 18) clustered around Jerusalem, making priestly service logistically feasible. After 70 AD when Rome destroyed the Temple, the Aaronic priesthood ceased functioning—but Christ's eternal priesthood continues, and He forever intercedes for believers (Hebrews 7:23-25).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the 'first lot' principle—honoring those with greater spiritual responsibility—inform how churches should support pastors and elders today?
  2. What does the genealogical precision required for Aaronic priesthood teach about the importance of legitimate calling and proper qualifications for Christian ministry?
  3. How should understanding Christ as your eternal High Priest (replacing the Aaronic order) shape your confidence in approaching God and your assurance of intercession?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַֽיְהִי֙1 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

מִבְּנֵ֣י2 of 12

Which the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

אַֽהֲרֹ֔ן3 of 12

of Aaron

H175

aharon, the brother of moses

מִמִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת4 of 12

being of the families

H4940

a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people

הַקְּהָתִ֖י5 of 12

of the Kohathites

H6956

a kohathite (collectively) or descendants of kehath

מִבְּנֵ֣י6 of 12

Which the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

לֵוִ֑י7 of 12

of Levi

H3878

levi, a son of jacob

כִּ֥י8 of 12
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

לָהֶ֛ם9 of 12
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

הָיָ֥ה10 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

הַגּוֹרָ֖ל11 of 12

lot

H1486

properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)

רִֽאישֹׁנָֽה׃12 of 12

had for theirs was the first

H7223

first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 21:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 21:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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