King James Version

What Does Joshua 21:16 Mean?

Joshua 21:16 in the King James Version says “And Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tr... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tribes.

Joshua 21:16 · KJV


Context

14

And Jattir with her suburbs, and Eshtemoa with her suburbs,

15

And Holon with her suburbs, and Debir with her suburbs,

16

And Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tribes.

17

And out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with her suburbs, Geba with her suburbs,

18

Anathoth with her suburbs, and Almon with her suburbs; four cities.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and Beth-shemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tribes (עַיִן וְיֻתָּה וּבֵית־שֶׁמֶשׁ, Ayin veYuttah uVeit-Shemesh)—Beth-shemesh ("house of the sun") carried pagan connotations, likely a former Canaanite solar worship site, yet became a Levitical city. This site later witnessed the judgment upon those who looked into the ark of the covenant (1 Samuel 6:19-20), demonstrating that proximity to holiness without reverence brings destruction. The phrase nine cities out of those two tribes (תֵּשַׁע עָרִים מֵאֵת שְׁנֵי הַשְּׁבָטִים הָאֵלֶּה, tesha arim me'et shenei hashvatim ha'eleh) refers to Judah and Simeon, whose territories overlapped (Joshua 19:1).

The precise enumeration—exactly nine cities from Judah/Simeon—reveals God's mathematical precision in fulfilling the Levitical allocation prescribed in Numbers 35. No city was forgotten; no promise left incomplete.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Beth-shemesh (Tell er-Rumeileh) guarded the strategic Sorek Valley, a major route from the Philistine coastal plain into the Judean highlands. Excavations uncovered a substantial Israelite settlement with cultic installations. Its border location made it vulnerable to Philistine incursions (1 Samuel 6; 2 Kings 14:11-13). Ain may be the same as Ashan (1 Chronicles 6:59). Juttah (Yatta) lies 5 miles south of Hebron and may have been the city where John the Baptist's parents lived (Luke 1:39-40, "city of Judah" in the hill country).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Beth-shemesh's tragic ark incident warn against casual familiarity with sacred things?
  2. What does God's precise allocation of exactly nine cities teach about His faithfulness to detailed promises?
  3. How should Christians today balance accessibility to God through Christ with reverence for His holiness?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
וְאֶת1 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עַ֣יִן2 of 19

And Ain

H5871

ajin, the name (thus simply) of two places in palestine

וְאֶת3 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ4 of 19

with her suburbs

H4054

a suburb (i.e., open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around a building, or the margin of the sea

וְאֶת5 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יֻטָּה֙6 of 19

and Juttah

H3194

juttah (or jutah), a place in palestine

וְאֶת7 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ8 of 19

with her suburbs

H4054

a suburb (i.e., open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around a building, or the margin of the sea

אֶת9 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בֵּ֥ית10 of 19
H0
שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ11 of 19

and Bethshemesh

H1053

beth-shemesh, a place in palestine

וְאֶת12 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ13 of 19

with her suburbs

H4054

a suburb (i.e., open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around a building, or the margin of the sea

עָרִ֣ים14 of 19

cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

תֵּ֔שַׁע15 of 19

nine

H8672

nine or (ordinal) ninth

מֵאֵ֕ת16 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שְׁנֵ֥י17 of 19

out of those two

H8147

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

הַשְּׁבָטִ֖ים18 of 19

tribes

H7626

a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan

הָאֵֽלֶּה׃19 of 19
H428

these or those


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 21:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 21:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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